https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog daily 0.75 2024-04-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1416371110394-EMWD5NJ2NQVZ3J8K7HJ9/April+1945.jpg Featured Articles https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2024/4/23/masters-of-the-air-the-bremen-raid monthly 0.5 2024-04-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/bde53df7-c4e3-4f94-926b-c1d164a2d5bb/media-380303.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out B-17s of the 388th bomb group over Bremen on october 8, 1943. photo: item fre 1498, american air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/0f3a0679-a218-4b84-aecb-6a7f4fe7b4d4/200318200845000000lucky_010.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out John “Lucky” luckadoo, pictured as an aviation cadet in 1942-1943. photo: 100th bomb group foundation, john luckadoo. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/b22acd70-77fd-433b-a10c-51b9502f7a33/150118165937000000glenn_dye_lt_lucky_luckadoo__878155395693919_4489200232562308539_o-+colorized+by+Nathan+Howland.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out The original crew of sunny II, flown by lt glenn dye and lt lucky luckadoo- lucky is pictured at far right. photo: 100th bomb group foundation, photo colored by nathan howland. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/0bb69e66-64f6-46ff-907a-e8ee3d5cb134/17101719090900000012391291_158666597827876_5051671125004591063_n.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out artist impression of Leutnant erich hondt attacks the marie helena on oct 8, 1943. photo: 100th bomb group foundation, artist jerry boucher. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/982f0f99-1977-4500-a02f-857aaabf405c/091012171433000000f4c_600.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out picadillly lily was flying as the squadron lead ship for the 351st bomb squadron of the 100th bomb group. photo: 100th bomb group foundation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/996fc89f-c88d-45f6-81e2-0ca3145d87b5/290318140836000000lucky_050.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out Captain al barker was the operations officer for the 351st bomb squadron, and was flying as command pilot for the squadron on the bremen raid on board picadilly lily- he was killed when the b-17 exploded before he could bail out. photo: 100th bomb group foundation https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/85dae9ed-6704-40c1-a6c3-73d67914758f/8OCT43+100th+BG+100thbg.com.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out 100th bomb group b-17s during the bombing run over bremen on october 8, 1943. photo: 100th bomb group foundation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/cf5edea4-67b7-4d2f-9484-08a4b1a81b63/crosby.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out First Lieutenant Harry Crosby, later group navigator and a major, was navigator on board just-a-snappin’ during his 16th mission. photo: 100th bomb group foundation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/2fc8894a-0b81-4944-b776-05477f2fa083/Just-a-Snapping+crash+landing+at+Ludham%2C+Jack+Kidd+collection%2C+100thbg.com+2.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out crosby’s b-17, just-a-snappin’ at rest on an raf field after having swerved into a tree on landing. photo: 100th bomb group foundation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/9c521356-a41c-4bd8-a08d-ed2c9f21f4cb/Just-a-Snapping+crash+landing+at+Ludham%2C+Jack+Kidd+collection%2C+100thbg.com.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out another view of just-a-snappin’ after it impacted the tree. photo: 100th bomb group foundation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/67c40a45-1e1d-498f-9d31-c329f15fc80b/190418182114000000forkner_024_after_bremen.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out As is evident, just-a-snappin’ impacted the tree nearly head-on. the bomber was written off as a result of the extensive damage from the mission and crash landing- it never flew again. photo: 100th bomb group foundation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/8a2633f9-e4f3-44ea-aec3-3fae0fadeee4/091012171421000000luckadoo_desanders.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out lucky and captain desanders shake hands after returning from their 25th mission on february 13, 1944. photo: 100th bomb group foundation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/3e7ab475-6680-49a2-8348-86f4cf8b5f38/4_lucky__luckadoo_31622.jpg Featured Articles - Masters of the Air: The Bremen Raid - Make it stand out Lucky pictured on his 100th birthday in 2022- he recently celebrated his 102nd birthday. photo: spectrum news 1/lupe zapata. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2024/4/16/film-review-masters-of-the-air monthly 0.5 2024-04-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/3032430c-d9c3-4585-8088-eb48aff954f8/Masters_Of_The_Air_Photo-+Apple+TV%2B+image.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out PHoto: Apple TV+ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/4443cb70-3af9-445e-9eba-f5030b4d3151/Major_Gale_Cleven_%28studio_portrait%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out Major gale cleven continued to serve in the postwar air force, retiring in 1963 as a colonel. he passed away in 2006 at age 87 (photo: wikipedia). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/2eb4a878-911d-443a-9d99-cf0f67e39cb1/John_Egan.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out major john egan during world war ii. egan later flew combat missions over korea, reached the rank of colonel, and died of a heart attack in 1961 (photo: wikipedia). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/a15223a7-372b-49ed-a090-dcccdf00e322/Lt_Col._Robert_Rosenthal.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out Lieutenant colonel robert ‘rosie’ rosenthal, who completed 52 missions during the war and later served as a prosecutor during the nuremburg trials after the war. rosie passed away in 2007 at the age of 89. (photo: wikipedia) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/bdd874b9-4707-4c83-b581-4a6f4b4cffe1/crosby.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out harry crosby left the usaaf after the war in 1945 as a lieutenant colonel, and became a professor after the war. in 1993, his memoir “on a wing and a prayer” was released, and would become one of the sources for “masters of the air”. Crosby died in 2010 at age 91. (photo: 100th Bombardment group association) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/3546d360-16b0-44ef-994e-81577be790cf/ww2+truslow+image+1.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out PHoto of two b-17 replicas located on hardstands at raf abingdon (Photo: ww2truslow.com) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/12a1611e-6861-4738-959b-d06ebd69bdb7/ww2truslow+image+2.png Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out B-17F replica suspended from a filming rig at raf abingdon (photo: ww2truslow.com). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/a1ec573f-d91e-4f1f-8d99-f75308302243/ww2truslow+image+4.png Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out an air raid shelter recreated along a london street during filming. (photo: ww2truslow.com) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/6fb6b34b-e48f-4663-aa78-a5f037551e40/media-387937.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out an early b-17g of the 100th bomb group- note the chin turret, which became a feature on nearly every b-17 entering service in 1944. (photo: american air museum) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/6b1b8b9f-a651-48a3-88b1-f960ab5c27d1/media-387929.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out The cheyenne tail turret which replaced the original position on the b-17f, and which would have featured on nearly all 100th bomb group b-17s beginning in early 1944. (photo: American air museum) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/fdb948a7-533f-406c-846e-5b4643c2ba00/media-387941.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Masters of the Air - Make it stand out A b-17g of the 100th bomb group undergoes maintenance in summer 1944. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2023/9/25/the-last-of-the-original-grim-reapers monthly 0.5 2024-01-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/ec5eb237-bf9b-4583-be72-bac46df9c6bf/493rd+FS%2C+44-33204.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out a p-47 of the 493rd in flight, likely taken in spring 1945. photo: Col. William H. Casterline & USAFHRA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/72104474-47e1-4871-85fa-6bf337e6928d/Jake+Cooper+in+P-47.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out Jacob cooper, pictured in a p-47. Source: https://nfknowledge.org/contributions/memories-of-an-ibsley-thunderbolt-pilot https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/a161daba-839b-4058-b2b2-4697d6ea307b/Ed+Cottrell+in+cockpit.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out Lt. Ed Cottrell in the cockpit of his p-47. source: Bastogne war museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/3287e267-7f0b-4224-a235-99233496d255/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk_USAF.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out A trio of P-40s flying in the us. the curtiss p-40 was the most modern fighter in us service at the outbreak of war. though it was quickly surpassed by newer fighters, it remained in service until the end of the war. photo source: wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/2d052b6e-93ed-4395-8c7a-f6ff96f1ae53/Jim+Watson%2C+left%2C+Jacob+Cooper+right+at+Aloe+Army+Airfield%2C+Victoria%2C+TX+after+receiving+wings+in+November+1943.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out Newly-minted pilots- Lt. Jacob cooper (R) and LT Jim Watson (L) pose for a photo outside of their barracks at aloe field, 1943. photo source: https://nfknowledge.org/contributions/memories-of-an-ibsley-thunderbolt-pilot. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/f4b8873c-68ec-4e29-95cb-8386b658726b/Thunderbolt_II_30_Sqn_RAF_at_Jumchar_1945.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out a republic p-47 with the raf prepares for a mission over burma in 1945. the p-47 was the largest single-engine fighter of the war, and saw heavy use in the european theater as a fighter bomber. photo source: wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/ca62cf24-0309-4239-826f-5e48aafb635b/493rd+FS+P-47+at+St.+Trond+on+24MAR45.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out A p-47 of the 493rd fighter squadron, pictured in march 1945 at st. trond. the 493rd’s p-47s were distincitvely marekd with a red checkerboard on the nose cowling. Photo Source: American air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/e6e9fcbc-1e78-4466-884a-9930197d2192/Jim+Watson%2C+left%2C+Jacob+Cooper+right+at+their+base+in+England%2C+May+1944.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out Lt Jacob Cooper (R) and his best friend, lt. jim watson (L) at their base in england, 1944. photo source: https://nfknowledge.org/contributions/memories-of-an-ibsley-thunderbolt-pilot. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/2608af79-152e-4c8d-b0f8-bb45194cec89/3047052634_1397993f99_b.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out This p-47 of the 395th fighter squadron is parked at a typical norman airfield, with fighters dispersed as best they could be among orchards and farms. photo source: american air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/e54770ca-830e-47dc-b72a-3f0b420af614/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-J08339%2C_Ausbildung_an_der_Vierlings-Flak.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out The flakvierling 38 was one of the more common and formidable anti-aircraft defenses which p-47 pilots faced. firing 20mm cannon shells, it had a practical firing rate of 800 rounds/minute and a range of over 2km. photo source: bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/66c1afa8-b8d8-46c1-8382-9391364bc9b2/Image+of+493rd+FS-+Ed+Cottrell+is+in+photo.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out a squadron photo of the pilots of the 493rd, taken winter 1944/45. photo source: https://theveteransmuseum.org/when-i-got-out-of-that-plane-i-kissed-the-ground/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/b5fbccac-710f-441a-bb75-75fe8013ce53/Burning+P-47+on+1JAN45%2C+possibly+at+St.+Trond.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out One of several american airfields which was attacked on january 1st, 1945. photo source: wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/82542cfd-fd16-4f05-a671-48d1140f79a4/P-47s+at+St.+Trond+on+16JAN45.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out p-47s prepare for a mission at st. trond on 16 january 1945. photo: american air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/84b214cb-9526-4dbd-8f8e-f49e176ee4ff/Lt.+Broe%2C+493rd+FS+at+St.+Trond%2C+24MAR45.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out Lt. broe, another pilot with the 493rd, pictured with his p-47 at st. trond in march 1945. photo: american air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/fa00f5cb-dd3f-462a-8bc1-71613d7c6e2d/Pilots+of+the+493rd+Fighter+Squadron+at+St+Trond%2C+March+1945.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out pilots of the 493rd head to their planes at st. trond in march 1945. photo source: American air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/d3d06657-66fa-4ebb-91e7-ac9c591c1286/Lt.+George+Pullis%2C+493rd+FS-+bailed+out+successfully+on+22MAR45.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out lt. george pullis poses in front of the parachute-packing section of the squadron days after successfully bailing out of his damaged p-47. photo source: American air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/b62815ba-6270-4049-8c7b-0e5386cef693/48th+FG+P-47s+in+Germany+on+10APR45.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out 493rd p-47s taxi on a temporary airstrip in germany, 10 april 1945. photo: american air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/3d5dfba6-a766-4842-8d64-7ee884a510e7/48th+FG+P-47s+at+Kassel%2C+20APR45.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out a p-47 of the 48th fighter group at kassel, where the 493rd spent part of april 1945. photo source: american air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/7735349e-752a-450a-85f8-78b61f14160c/48th+FG+at+German+equivalent+of+Officer%27s+Mess+at+Kassel.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out the officer’s mess at kassel, april 1945. photo: american air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/65d2cd75-fb1b-4ccb-90f5-a6297aef19a1/48th+FS+at+Illesheim+on+VE+Day.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out 48th fighter group p-47s at illesheim, germany on may 8, 1945- v-e day. photo: american air museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/5bee2537-2dfd-40fe-bf63-ec152a30302a/905-226x300.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out jim cooper in retirement. photo source: https://nfknowledge.org/contributions/memories-of-an-ibsley-thunderbolt-pilot/ https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/adb4a2d6-616e-4a01-8b8d-25c8948b8319/Edwin-Cotrell-web.jpg Featured Articles - The Last of the Original Grim Reapers - Make it stand out Ed Cottrell, pictured in 2020. Photo source: https://theveteransmuseum.org/when-i-got-out-of-that-plane-i-kissed-the-ground/ https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2023/4/15/capturing-the-cradle-of-nazism-the-battle-of-nuremberg-april-1945 monthly 0.5 2023-04-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/c4444cc9-a3fb-40c5-87c8-62cb504a3a6a/57459304_10157304905497853_7374734927729786880_n.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out A devastated nuremberg, looking towards the old city center across the Pegnitz at the end of the war. Photo: wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/0bb20aa1-8ad8-44fd-8a31-a714f6a8e5e4/1945.02.12._Plan_der_Zerst%C3%B6rungen_N%C3%BCrnbergs.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out A map of the destruction to nuremberg created by city planners in february 1945. photo: city of nuremberg. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/ffb8ff71-40d6-454a-a04d-64b93f2601a7/B-17s+bombing+Nuremberg%2C+February+1945.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out B-17s release their bombload on nuremberg in february 1945. photo: USAAF Photo 53526, us library of congress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/20a54048-2497-4aa7-b251-133c3b39668e/Bundesarchiv_Bild_119-1516-01%2C_Karl_von_Holz.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out karl holz, the gauleiter of franconia at the end of world war ii. photo: bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/77c26a2f-ebdc-4b10-9f0e-da7efb5ec329/Wade_Haislip.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out Lieutenant General Wade Haislip, commander of US XV Corps, which was tasked with the capture of nuremberg. photo: wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/55611caa-2caa-4005-99a7-62c05780d5dc/tank-infantry+team+of+3ID+moving+in+nuremberg%2C+WWII+Museum.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out GIs of the 3rd Infantry Division work their way up a ruined street accompanied by a tank. Photo: National World War II museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/af09c504-a590-4c0d-acad-2edbad7fa84c/US+Army+Photo%2C+WWII+Museum.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out A squad of GIs advance up a street behind a sherman tank. photo: the national World war ii Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1f9ac091-9247-4f90-b1ff-786f6a1d51e1/Frankxburke.png Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out Lt Francis Burke recieves the medal of honor from president truman. photo: wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/0f1688d8-b5b0-4814-a6d3-cb3fac10837b/GIs+and+tanks+advancing+down+a+street+on+18+APR+45%2C+WWII+Museum.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out GIs advance behind heavily-laden sherman tanks on april 18th. photo: the national world war ii museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/869031aa-cc06-4c3f-83a3-f60cb90233c1/Disabled+Panthers+on+flatcars+at+the+MAN+factory+in+Nuremberg%2C+1945.jfif Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out among the many factories around nuremberg which was overrun by us forces was the man factory, responsible for assembling panther tanks. at the time of the factory’s capture, several panthers were outside the plant on flatcars, awaiting repairs for battle damage. photo: ww2.live.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/42d9808c-6d47-49d2-a132-563247228d58/Mike_Daly.jpeg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out Lt Michael J. Daly recieves the medal of honor from president truman. photo: wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/fc4b2ba8-258a-44ef-961f-9303f195b43a/joseph+merrell.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out Private joseph Merrell, who was posthumously awarded the medal of honor for his actions on April 18, 1945. photo: congressional medal of honor society. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/ea8dee16-344b-4869-8b24-364c23c337fe/A+Sherman+with+the+45th+ID+advances+into+Nuremberg+April+1945.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out A Sherman with the 45th infantry division advances up a rubble-strewn street in the heart of nuremberg while infantry crouch behind the ruins of buildings. photo: NARA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/f7739dd4-126b-44ab-8859-ba2c62b39402/US+forces+moving+through+nuremberg%2C+NARA+historynet.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out A GI peers down a street under fire from german postions behind the cover of a sherman tank. photo: nara. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/09546b15-47ff-41b6-a161-265c0a6200e5/US+tanks+in+Nuremberg.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out Two shermans stopped outside of the old city- judging by the relaxed attitudes of the tanks, fighting has already ceased in the city. photo: nara. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/b3b8632f-d78f-41ce-a9fb-e1ee8eeac598/Tanks+roll+through+Nuremberg.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out american tanks advance into the old city of nuremberg, likely on the final day of fighting. photo: nara. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/4655017a-3a2d-49bd-975c-fe79521f33f7/57750919_10157304905447853_2757800682604986368_n.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out Gis in the streets near st. sebalduskirche, one of the oldest churches in the city. fighting appears to have ceased, as the gis appear relatively at ease. photo: nara. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/610ace9d-1906-4432-8bd6-36b3f046e370/US+infantry+march+into+Nuremberg.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out US infantry march down the street from nuremberg castle towards the main square in the old city. photo: Nara. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/29f78ed3-67a4-4b2f-9ec5-d7c0b6469fef/3._US_Inf.-Div._in_N%C3%BCrnberg%2C_20.04.1945.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out GIs of the 3rd infantry division move through the recently-secured city of nuremberg towards the frauenkirche and city square on april 20th. photo: nara. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/b549f7c3-25aa-4036-b70e-879a5c13bf4d/Knocked-out+Sherman+tank+at+the+Nazi+Party+Rally+Ground.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out A knocked-out sherman on the edge of the zeppelinfeld following the capture of the parade grounds. photo: nara. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/cb98faa7-544b-4965-af40-1b65777348cf/US+soldiers+give+mocking+Nazi+salutes.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out GIs frequently took the opportunity to mockingly make the nazi salute on the very same podium from which hitler gave speeches at party rallies. photo: nara. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/23ab48c7-e9fe-4a76-9551-4f2a9aebfc1b/us-troops-ww2-germany-nuremberg-1024x576.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out Members of the 3rd infantry division parade through the main square in nuremberg in front of the frauenkirche on April 22nd. photo: nara. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/f380b215-298e-4adb-8ed4-3d158eeaa606/57612557_10157304905562853_6399340871191363584_n.jpg Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out A gi looks across the pegnitz to the shattered remains of nuremberg’s old city; the bombed-out frauenkirche can be seen in the background. photo: nara. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/c95dd99f-e9df-4b25-b226-b61798e26032/P1000310.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out The Kongresshalle as it appears today, which company e, 180th infantry fought so hard to secure during april 16-17th, 1945. today, the interior is home to an excellent museum documenting nuremberg’s role during the nazi era. photo: author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/fdeebeaf-ca2b-4709-88d3-9cd9137caf43/P1000312.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out the 2km-long marching road remains in place today, and is frequented by german pedestrians. photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/40557667-172c-4ecc-8da7-df81dd0a9456/P1000324.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out THe main structure at the zeppelinfeld. the adjoining columns were demolished in the 1960s as a safety hazard. today, a racetrack runs through the former parade ground, though all of the concrete viewing stands remain in place, and it is still possible to see how large the parade field was. photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/d9666728-568f-4cbd-be29-0baff9fd63b0/P1010201.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out The lorenzkirche as it appears today. photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/c6cf545a-7091-41ba-b3b7-30d3760553bd/P1010204.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out the waterfront along the pegnitz, which had been completely demolished during the bombing, has been completely rebuilt since. photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1ce72a87-37ba-4775-a279-2ba6fcf442d3/P1010206.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out The frauenkirche was rebuilt after the war- today, it remains the centerpiece of the main city square, which is still used for markets. photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/20bc3751-e88d-481a-9121-ee8b9b9952f7/P1010215.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out St. Sebalduskirche, also badly damaged by bombing in 1945, has been rebuilt along with most of the other historical churches in nuremberg’s city center. photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/ecfa75d1-d085-4b96-b7ca-332641cfad1a/P1010252.JPG Featured Articles - Capturing the Cradle of Nazism: The Battle of Nuremberg, April 1945 - Make it stand out nuremberg castle had suffered extremely heavy damage during both the bombings of 1945 and during the fighting; it has since been effectively rebuilt, and much of the interior has been converted for museum space on the history of the holy roman empire in the city. photo: author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2022/12/12/film-review-all-quiet-on-the-western-front-2022 monthly 0.5 2022-12-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/31a971b0-f372-43f2-b12d-8a498e8f78ff/all-quiet-on-the-western-front2.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: All Quiet on the Western Front (2022) - Make it stand out Image source: Netflix https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/6e8a352c-b062-445b-91ca-de88d410df24/AllQuietOnTheWesternFront_cReinerBajo-750x400.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: All Quiet on the Western Front (2022) - Make it stand out Paul Baumer is remarkably portrayed by Newcomer Felix Kamerer. Image Source: Netflix. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/a2107fca-0b2a-4024-bcd4-4b9a216ce879/all-quiet-on-the-western-front5-696x463.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: All Quiet on the Western Front (2022) - Make it stand out The horrors of war are at the forefront in this film. image source: netflix https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/863ce238-ef5b-48a3-87c2-dccdca8c7a83/330px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-R04034%2C_Erich_Maria_Remarque_%28cropped%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: All Quiet on the Western Front (2022) - Make it stand out erich maria remarque, picutred after the war. image source: bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/cfbe917a-02d3-4d13-827e-ff312e84c625/Ernst_J%C3%BCnger_vers_1920_%28cropped%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: All Quiet on the Western Front (2022) - Make it stand out Ernst junger poses in his uniform in this post wwi photo. photo source: bundesarchiv. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2022/6/1/battlefield-visit-hrtgen-forest monthly 0.5 2022-06-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/9c42441c-27b2-4a34-a059-2969acaf0193/Co.+E%2C+110th+IR%2C+28th+ID+in+the+forest+south+of+Germeter+during+the+attack+towards+Vossenack+on+2+Nov+44.+This+patrol+came+under+fire+just+moments+later.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out GIs of E Company, 110th Infantry Regiment, 28th Infantry Division move cautiously through the forest south of Germeter during the attack towards Vossenack on November 2nd. Photo: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/e1d244cf-d57f-489a-9df5-4700028cd1e3/Two+GIs+of+the+US+39th+IR+fire+from+their+position+east+of+Duren+towards+German+positions+near+Schlich.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out Two GIs from 2nd Platoon, D Company, 39th Infantry Regiment provide supporting fire on German positions. Photo: 9thinfantrydivision.net https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/be373294-00ad-4b1f-b360-3551165ef955/9ID+troops.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out GIs from the 9th Infantry Division advance through one of the many small villages in the Hurtgen. Photo: 9thinfantrydivision.net https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/48b5bc09-7b8d-48d3-95bc-4ac7d73a8c1c/Kall+Trail%2C+looking+towards+Vossenack.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out Thrown tracks from tanks and tank destroyers litter the Kall Trail near Vossenack. Photo: ibiblio.org https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/fd7fc67a-4b7c-4435-b949-9ff78ffd3e3b/z-_vtggVYEx0kbq3DpBm7kLGagoe0mRb92epd9_Xho8.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out A pair of GIs armed with captured German MG42s look out from their foxholes in the forest. Source: Historynet.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/56ba619b-80e6-4837-99fb-4843043749e4/M10s+of+the+893rd+TD+BN+moving+along+a+forest+road+near+Germenter.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out M10s of the 893rd Tank Destroyer Battalion move along a heavily wooded trail near Germeter. Source: hurtgen1944.homestead.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/408a21ba-8b4f-4f09-b993-c0e091791a48/A+German+soldier+surrenders+to+soldiers+of+the+US+9th+ID+in+November+1944-+warfarehistorynetwork.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out A German soldier surrenders to soldiers of the 9th Infantry Division in November near the forest. Photo: warfarehistorynetwork.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/a735b98b-65a8-4552-83ce-ebe0a6b574d5/German+howitzer.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out German artillery fires on American positions in the forest. Photo: Bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/b12fc33d-839c-4721-970f-7a35c114f491/a73jzRb_460s.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out PFC M. Berzon, SSG B. Spur and SSG H. Glesser of I Company, 3rd BN, 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th Infantry Division, take a brake on the slope of a hill in the forest on 18 November 1944. Source: Realwarphotos.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/30979888-7b11-406d-ba69-38eb0d0a89cb/M10s+on+Kall+Trail.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out M10 tank destroyers of the 803rd Tank Destroyer Battalion, 3rd Armored Division, move along forest trails near Duren on 18 November 1944. Photo: Realwarphotos.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/a12ec50f-0b33-44c9-9601-e950bb1644a3/16th+IR%2C+1ID+halftrack.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out A M3 halftrack with the 16th Infantry Regiment moves through a muddy track in the forest in February 1945 as the 82nd Airborne moves into the forest. Source: Wikimedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/7699ff63-c15c-4a9c-aad2-8bc881dbe3f3/87194543_10222369410491079_9202419777635614720_n.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out While much of the forest has been overcome by development, the rest of the Hurtgen remains and imposing place. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/41f2688a-51ca-4d74-b3ba-4e0a88b4c7bb/IMG_1212.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out Several graves of soldiers found years after the fighting ended are scattered throughout the woods. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/f3f4ace2-7cdc-4bee-bc90-04f2452abfff/IMG_1213.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out Text from the marker for PFC Robert Cahow, a GI with the 78th Infantry Division who was killed and listed as missing for years after the battle had ended. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/830917a2-036d-46d5-9e6d-8b2ae0d0292e/85217091_10222369400290824_8944701231406776320_n.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out Though they are now covered in over 70 years of growth, the bunkers remain and imposing site which blend into their surrounding terrain. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/5b06647a-316b-47d8-8a96-fe51398ceeea/87959968_10222369397450753_938484550705610752_n.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out Battle damage from the fighting remains evident on the outsides of bunkers even today. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/811d3f03-b139-4cf1-b16f-afc2fa91404f/IMG_1218.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out Many bunkers were blown up by Allied soldiers to prevent the Germans from reoccupying them. The area around these bunkers is being used for wind farms. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/39a63bf5-dadc-49a6-8862-26aaa7c9fa90/IMG_1220.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out The front of a blown-up bunker, which still shows the original camo pattern from the 1940s. Photo source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/a6a5a2b6-6289-424e-b68d-ca378cb170f8/85173088_10222369403090894_3425660765623812096_n.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out The insides of several bunkers, which were designed to keep intruders out for a significant period of time, also show battle damage from the fighting. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/c718f15e-71a8-4098-9065-0e69c19a21ab/IMG_1200.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out In the region surrounding the battlefield, miles of Dragon’s Teeth anti-tank obstacles remain in place where they were laid years again. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/5cb90b4c-25e1-4344-9fd6-79879ba6ac30/IMG_1207.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out More Dragon’s Teeth. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/070568be-4539-4c16-b75b-ff9c31f0a3cc/P1030500.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out A view of the Kall River gorge, looking east from Vossenack. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/0fefc171-e514-43a3-80e0-cde9fefb7132/P1030507.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out The Kall River bridge, one of the only significant bridges which could take the weight of tanks within the region. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/b938ec2c-72df-4e3d-b751-004c6d83657e/P1030512.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out A statue called “A Time for Healing”, which was installed in the 2000s by a German sculptor on the Kall River bridge. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/3915695c-6d2e-40a2-8c4a-44197fef0649/P1030517.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out One of the switchbacks in the Kill River trail, which proved such a major obstacle for US tanks and tank destroyers to navigate. A picture showing M-10s maneuvering along the trail shows a similar switchback. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/4137ec6c-8c08-485a-a0a2-51ecb1c5b400/P1030519.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Hürtgen Forest - Make it stand out The tracks from a Sherman or M-10 which melted to the rock when the vehicle was destroyed in 1944. Photo: Author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2021/5/2/battlefield-visit-the-fight-for-jesionow-gr monthly 0.5 2021-05-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619992149074-2R00NTDZO8XYCJ0HVJCK/German+guards+with+Russian+prisoners+in+Suwalki.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę Occupying German soldiers guard Soviet prisoners in Suwałki during 1914-1915. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619992777997-OJVBR7UPVS7XPOVD6NXI/Picture1.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę Brigadier General Siegfried Haß, who had commanded the 170th Infantry Division since early 1944. Photo source: ostvermisste-1944.de https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619996834906-LXZNPGDXYA0U1TYZP6R4/Picture5.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę German Volkssturm digging positions in East Prussia during the summer of 1944. Photo source: historyimages.blogspot.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619992961202-W1G1VHR27PWCKJZM0V2P/Picture2.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę Major General Nikolai Mikhailovich Strizhenko, commander of the 352nd Rifle Division. Photo source: Suwalki Military History Association. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619994586636-8920DS82EEFNHCC0JVO2/Picture4.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę A knocked-out T-34-85 on the outskirts of Nemmersdorf, October 1944. Fifteen tanks of this type were lost in the first attempt to take the hill. Photo source: Alamy.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619993654137-DH23RQTWCUA1QOS9K828/Distances+between+the+German+and+Soviet+trenches+on+September+16.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę A Soviet document showing the distances between the Soviet and German lines on September 16th. Photo scanned by Mirosław Surmacz. Source: Suwalki Military History Association. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619993077636-F3XIBA5ODM60VHGRI7BT/aviation+attack.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę The Soviet plan for air support on September 26th involved two squadrons of Il-2 Shturmoviks, as shown above. Photo scanned by Mirosław Surmacz. Source: Suwalki Military History Association. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619993313631-SBFV3KSUPW4706XE7T5F/Fire+throwers+in+an+attempt+to+break+the+German+positions+on+Jesionowa+G%C3%B3ra.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę The Soviet plan for the use of flamethrowers on September 26th. Photo scanned by Mirosław Surmacz. Source: Suwalki Military History Association. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619994244200-ZV879YIDX82VZPY4NVPN/Picture3.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę A knocked-out Sturmgeschutz III assault gun, with a dead crewman in the foreground. A number of these assault guns provided valuable anti-tank capabilities for the Germans on Hill 252. Photo source: uncensoredhistory.blogspot.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619993849693-R6VT5GW7SZUM7MELKUTO/map+of+the+partial+ascent+of+Jesionowa+G%C3%B3ra+hours.+20.00+on+October+1.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę Soviet map showing a partial ascent of Hill 252 on October 1st- note how many battalions were thrown into this attack. Photo scanned by Mirosław Surmacz. Source: Suwalki Military History Association. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619994730134-7APQRFFUI1TS9XWN5MI5/Damaged+church+in+1945.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę Damage to St. Alexander Cathedral in Suwalki. The two bell towers were destroyed by explosives by the withdrawing Germans. Photo source: ostvermisste-1944.de. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619994397830-SMAIZAO5CK6MF6WAJUI7/do-szelmentu-koniecznie+%281%29.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę Soviet map showing the progress of the 31st Army in during the mid-October offensive. Photo scanned by Mirosław Surmacz. Source: Suwalki Military History Association. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619994882933-EAOHL93MJQIQZVZ1TH9M/German+infantry+next+to+a+tank+or+assault+gun+while+retaking+Goldap%2C+November+1944.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę German infantry talk to the commander of a tank or assault gun while retaking Goldap in early November. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619994952016-63AL4DX17WVOZXM6U09M/Panther+Ausf.+G+from+31st+Panzer+Regiment%2C+5th+Panzer+Division+outside+of+Goldap%2C+1944.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę Panthers from the 5th Panzer Regiment in action near Goldap during the First East Prussian Offensive. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619995272882-PIT6MJI5TRZG729T6YGR/P1050272.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę View of the hill from the West. Today the hill is home to a ski resort, which doubles in the summer with a mini-golf course, rope challenge and water ski rental. Photo source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619995364068-UCU669APFAAP1ETFJHCY/P1050276.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę Several trenches around the hill remain today. The first trench line runs all around the north side of the hill. Phot source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619995669825-9Q7KTQCR27VVAUCVM097/P1050280.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę Another view of the German trench line on the north side of the hill. Photo source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619995775232-4VVQYLION4RVT5NNUQWX/P1050283.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę One of the many single-man fighting positions on the hill which remain today. Thousands of these were emplaced throughout East Prussia during 1944. Photo source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619995969929-O6O81RW1M7QB1V6G7OIA/P1050124.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę A view of the second German trench line, further up the hill. Photo source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619996117098-9DOL69LZDEO8GJH2VWXQ/P1050287.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę Mid-way up Hill 252, a portion of the earth gave way about 5 years ago. A number of human remains were exposed- considering most Soviet soldiers were buried in the cemetery in Suwalki, it seems likely that these were German. Several live hand grenades were also found with the bodies. Photo source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619996308989-2CZDUI35ZB06DEGY0HZK/P1050294.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę A view from the top of the hill, looking north. The open ground at the bottom of the hill would have been where Soviet infantry charged across towards the German defenses. Photo source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619996429932-4535OPAYLJNID9CDDIDS/P1050135.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę One of two German observation posts on Hill 249. Photo source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619996530687-AEGC5STL8J6QPZOB1N1E/P1050129.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę This cellar was used by the German artillery officers of the 170th Infantry Division to coordinate the fires for the hill’s defense- the cellar is just south of the hill itself. Photo source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1619996689600-9IXPJ06SYGJ6LJSBRFQR/P1050148.JPG Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: The Fight for Jesionową Górę The Soviet military cemetery at Suwalki. Over 5500 soldiers are buried here, most in unmarked graves. Photo source: Author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2020/10/20/an-alsatian-hellscape-the-battle-of-hatten-rittershoffen monthly 0.5 2021-09-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603220650281-ME6ZSW6A6MYCQZREXNKF/Attack+on+the+Maginot+Line.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603143951691-WXRYR7SFQ5YEZRGTNICL/General+Johannes+Blaskowitz+Bundesarchiv+Bild+146-2004-004-05.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen Generaloberst Johannes Blaskowitz, the German commander of Operation Nordwind. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603216664372-OGPWWFWDE5TVH7CKWXH3/Capture1.JPG Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen The opening of the Nordwind offensive on December 31, 1944, preceded by a large artillery bombardment. Illustration by Vincent Mai. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603214990818-E63SCIK4OO0G8OHBHGY2/Devers_and_Patch.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen Lieutenant Generals Alexander Patch (left), commander of the US Seventh Army, and Jacob Devers (right), commander of the US Sixth Army Group. Photo source: WIkipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603215316295-GAKNLYU60M4VIJKS39L3/Hatten+before+the+war.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen A view of the town square in Hatten before the war. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603215479338-E21VD5SAJBLIH31TZOSW/Rittershoffen+postcard%2C+prewar.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen A postcard from Rittershoffen from before the war. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603217249565-D4AXWPB4L0QOZZMC47NO/Panther+of+25th+Panzer+Division+moves+through+Dragon%27s+Teeth+near+Wissembourg.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen A Panther tank of the 25th Panzer-Grenadier Division moves through Dragon’s Teeth during the Nordwind offensive. Photo source: Bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603217393643-DIRBQ6VHX7FNTLF7P21I/Panthers+in+Haguenau+Forest.JPG Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen A line of Panthers move through Haguenau Forest during Nordwind. Photo source: Bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603217560192-84Y38251R84LUQVCS7OX/Panthers+in+Haguenau+Forest+2.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen Another photo of Panthers moving through the Haguenau Forest. The zig-zag pattern seems to have been used exclusively during the Nordwind offensive. Photo source: Bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603217858763-YGQQ9BDL8I0OOMDGJ1TL/12.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen Several US Shermans from the 48th Tank Battalion are seen maneuvering towards Hatten in this photo taken from the church tower in Rittershoffen. The smoke in the background is from burning German tanks, hit by tank or artillery fire. Photo source: NARA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603218258024-2FG46343D4IC0CLO5YY2/48th+Tank+BN+Sherman-+photo+from+14th+AD+website%2C+probably+NARA.JPG Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen In this picture taken on January 20th, PFC Hugo Scearpitti loads ammunition into a Sherman with the 48th Tank Battalion. Photo source: NARA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603218767326-TUK2JG89BN188ZL4Y133/M4A376W+Sherman+of+25th+Tank+BN%2C+14th+AD.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen This M4A376W is assigned to B Company, 25th Tank Battalion, 14th Armored Division. As was common with many tanks in this division, the crew have outfitted the tank with sandbag armor. While it is possible that this might have had some effectiveness against portable HEAT weapons like Panzerfausts, it would have provided little protection against tank or anti-tank gun fire, and it would have added a substantial amount of weight to the tank. Photo source: NARA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603218966221-FKP9S7S65O0ONYNRX43U/M4A376W+Sherman+pulling+into+Niederbetschdorf.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen Another M4A376W Sherman of the 14th Armored Division equipped with sandbag armor. The crew is lifting telephone cables over the turret while tank maneuvers into the town of Niederbetschdorf in early 1945. Original photo source: NARA, colorized by Piece of Jake. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603218390922-TY2UZN70W3M4G64MAOAP/Flammpanzer+Hetzer%2C+possibly+near+Hatten+or+Rittershoffen.JPG Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen A Flammpanzer 38(t), an infantry-support version of the Jagdpanzer 38(t), also known as the Hetzer. Flamm Panzer Kompanie was equipped with about 20 of these armored vehicles during the fighting for Hatten and Rittershoffen. Photo source: NARA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603218492197-548TSOBBMJQ9C7W9DEJJ/Attack+on+the+Maginot+Line.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen In this illustration, German Panzer-Grenadiers are supported in their attacks on Maginot bunkers by Flamm-Panzers on January 9th. These vehicles were capable of firing some 60-70 flame bursts at up to 50m, making them effective vehicles to take on the bunkers. However, half of these vehicles were lost in the fighting. Illustration by Jim Laurier. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603219253362-7NQLPAL7TT1VGAXLPY80/Either+Hatten+or+Rittershoffen%2C+from+14th+AD+website.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen The ruins of one of the towns following the battle. Photo source: 14th Armored Division website. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603219346283-SABHHFBQMZBQXNCLLUJB/From+either+Hatten+or+Rittershoffen%2C+14th+AD+website.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen Both Hatten and Rittershoffen were devastated in the battle, with nearly all buildings in the towns destroyed or damaged. Photo source: 14th Armored Division website. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603219442357-X8Y9GOYLR389645CCBWA/Sherman+from+48th+Tank+BN+knocked+out.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen This Sherman from the 48th Tank Division was hit repeatedly in Rittershoffen. Photo source: NARA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603219589529-3GYI4HWINKVDC8MI3B0B/Knocked+out+Sherman+in+Hatten%2C+photo+14th+AD+website.JPG Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen A knocked-out Sherman in the ruins of Hatten. Photo source: 14th Armored Division website. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603219798807-01G8CN92TSHXRLO7Y3IX/Knocked+out+Sherman-+history+of+the+21st+Panzer.JPG Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen Another knocked-out Sherman. Photo source: History of the 21st Panzer Division. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603219886449-E30DAOX0F5UD4X5GFIV6/Knocked+out+Panzer+IV+in+Hatten+2.JPG Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen A knocked-out Panzer IV in Hatten. Photo source: NARA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603219933235-OZFHABHIHF9GOEOJGIIA/Knocked+out+Panzer+IV+in+Hatten+3.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen Another knocked-out Panzer IV in Hatten. Photo source: NARA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603219990924-O133B4SU8XBE7ED426MT/Knocked+out+Sherman+and+M18+in+Hatten.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen A knocked-out Sherman and destroyed M-18 Hellcat tank destroyer, the second probably from the 827th Tank Destroyer Battalion, in Rittershoffen after the battle. Photo source: NARA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603220105491-ME4FKN61394GDFM4JN9K/Sherman+knocked+out+in+one+of+the+towns.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen Another knocked-out Sherman, seen in Hatten. Photo source: 14th Armored Division website. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603220194616-2POG8DDYXCDQZI5ZOBCD/Knocked+out+Sherman+and+Panther+facing+one+another.JPG Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen In this dramatic photo from the 14th Armored Division’s scrapbook, a burned-out Sherman faces a knocked-out Panther, likely in the fields outside the villages. Photo source: 14th Armored Division scrapbook. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603220329581-F5B5HJUG8YI8DSBSM9KP/Hatten+after+the+battle+2.jpg Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen Hatten’s church after the end of the battle- this was used as a hardpoint by the Germans during the fighting- at one point, the Americans brought up a self-propelled 155mm gun to fire directly into the church. Photo source: 14th Armored Division website. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1603220531609-82RTSGDPNE1WD2OD56NY/Capture2.JPG Featured Articles - An Alsatian Hellscape: The Battle of Hatten-Rittershoffen This knocked-out Panzer IV of the 21st Panzer Division was pictured months after the battle, during the spring of 1945, after the region was retaken by Allied forces. Photo: Panzerwaffe on the Battlefield, Vol. III. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2020/7/9/tools-of-war-the-sa-2-guideline monthly 0.5 2020-07-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1594323859550-FAB7XIJTCMTRIAGK3DYI/S-75-Guideline-Launcher-Egypt-1985-1S.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: the SA-2 Guideline Photo source: ausairpower.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1594323527371-BL3LMJE2XCL7WSLMXBJ3/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: the SA-2 Guideline The “Spoon Rest” radar which provided the target acquisition information and fire control for the SA-2 battery. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1594323644450-A5GBTJC09EAVK81MYMJ4/S-75-SAM-Site-Almaz-1S.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: the SA-2 Guideline An illustration showing the ideal arrangement of the battery command, fire control radar, and other administrative functions of an SA-2 battery. (Photo source: ausairpower.com) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1594324073063-8DTVPIBNTHH0L5V60Y1Z/800px-RIAN_archive_35172_Powers_Wears_Special_Pressure_Suit.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: the SA-2 Guideline Francis Gary Powers, whose U-2 was shot down on May 1, 1960 by an SA-2, causing an international incident. (Photo source: Wikipedia) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1594324228805-XTJY58A7HBQSPDQPVZCT/800px-Rudolf_Anderson.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: the SA-2 Guideline Major Rudolph Anderson, an Air Force U-2 pilot who was shot down and killed during the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962 (Photo source: Wikipedia) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1594324311822-9DUQN0KIVW8ICQQM1H5C/RF-4C_Phantom_II_of_the_11th_TRS_is_shot_down_by_a_S-75_missile_over_Vietnam%2C_12_August_1967.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: the SA-2 Guideline An RF-4C Phantom is hit by shrapnel from an exploding SA-2 on August 12, 1967- both crew survived the shoot-down, but CPT Edwin Atterberry was killed while in captivity. (Photo source: ausairpower.com) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1594324469287-OD12PSOUU6E0H9QXB4RY/1024px-F-105_hit_by_SA-2_over_Vietnam.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: the SA-2 Guideline An F-105D fighter-bomber has been damaged by a near-miss from an SA-2. (Photo source: ausairpower.com) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1594324571924-UCYPTSKAY11Q0FG3MX8F/090605-F-1234P-023.JPG Featured Articles - Tools of War: the SA-2 Guideline A typical star-shaped arrangement for an SA-2 battery- the tell-tale arrangement frequently drew the attention of American aircraft- North Vietnamese battery operators would later use different arrangements to conceal their sites as the Vietnam War progressed. (Photo source: Wikipedia) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1594324788117-U9261UIKEN9XHDFH1SM4/800px-Egyptian_SA-2_SAM.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: the SA-2 Guideline An Egyptian SA-2 transporter, pictured in the 1980s. (Photo source: Wikipedia) https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2020/3/8/film-review-1917 monthly 0.5 2020-03-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1583703356505-1Y04IJOR1MJJBE4S3SK6/1917+poster.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: 1917 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1583703397031-1LJ6DJT0KQE2RCZDZ46R/Alberich+graphic+Smithsonian.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: 1917 This map shows the extent of the withdrawal that the Germans carried out in the spring of 1917. Photo source: Smithsonian. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1583703528763-WI1CCXKQLLH9UMN0XVGE/Alfred+Mendes-+Smithsonian.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: 1917 Director Sam Mendes based his screenplay in part on the stories told to him by his grandfather, Alfred Mendes, who served on the Western Front in 1917 in the 1st Rifle Brigade. Photo: Smithsonian. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2020/1/19/film-review-midway-2019 monthly 0.5 2023-06-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579453678124-F8OPITTCZ9DZP4NO59MQ/RG+Smith.png Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) “Famous Four Minutes” by R.G. Smith https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579455711677-35EXYMIO2D4483ABEW7V/800px-Aerial_view_of_Midway_Atoll_on_24_November_1941_%2880-G-451086%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Midway Atoll consists of two islands and until the mid-19th Century was uninhabited. Located approximately 1,000 nautical miles west of Hawaii, Midway had served as a fueling stop for trans-Pacific flights from Pan Am. In 1940, the US military began developing the islands as a base, recognizing the strategic placement of the islands. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579453817379-M14R3264O7GXCU6NKH8D/800px-Isoroku_Yamamoto.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto was an icon among the Imperial Japanese Navy by the time which the Battle of Midway occurred. However, his forcefulness in pushing for his plan to engage the US Navy at Midway would prove disastrous. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579454003504-GYJAMKJLP4Q604EMTVKS/800px-Chuichi_Nagumo.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Vice Admiral Chiuchi Nagumo had been in service in the IJN since 1908. Despite the fact that nearly all of his career had been spent in surface ships, he had been appointed to command the IJN’s carrier force prior to Pearl Harbor. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579454645365-Z0R05IQMUQY7QEW1AM7A/Joseph_rochefort.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Lieutenant Commander Joseph Rochefort commanded Station Hypo and oversaw the Navy’s cryptographic interception and analysis of Japanese messages. Considered by some of his colleagues as eccentric, Rochefort’s contribution made the US victory at Midway possible. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579454733214-XA5YIF2ETZZP2X93RKJE/Fleet_Admiral_Chester_W._Nimitz_portrait.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Admiral Chester Nimitz made a calculated risk when he came up with the plan to ambush the IJN at Midway. Nimitz was under considerable pressure from Washington to ignore the analysis which Station Hypo had been providing. In spite of this, Nimitz went forward with his plan. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579455102956-CT00UXH0H318ZMS92TV8/Frank_Jack_Fletcher-g14193.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Admiral Jack Fletcher, like Nagumo, had served most of his naval career in conventional warships. He took command of Yorktown on January 1, 1942 and served under Vice Admiral Bull Halsey for the first six months of the war, gaining much experience in carrier operations. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579455404407-UB1IFKVZ2D2KNLZWSFA7/Ray_Spruance.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Admiral Raymond Spruance had had no experience in carrier operations before the Battle of Midway, though his cruisers were responsible for their escort during the first half of 1942. However, on Halsey’s recommendation, Spruance became commander of a task force including the Enterprise and Hornet. Later in the war, Spruance commanded the Fifth Fleet in some of the largest carrier operations in history. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579456174863-OKVMLC2OX06WBLMCZJ8Y/800px-Battle_of_Midway_%28Japanese_air_raid%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Oil tanks burn following the Japanese strike on Midway. Filmmaker John Ford filmed the attack, despite being wounded by shrapnel, and later released the footage as part of a short documentary. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579456330996-Q9MAP0HECD4RJ1AKL4F6/800px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_maneuvers_to_avoid_bombs_on_4_June_1942_%28USAF-3725%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) The Hiryu maneuvers as a stick of bombs from B-17s lands nearby. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579456811228-2YWEZNC5U6ZW8ESJWEUB/34e75b105b5e9725442a32ae32571c04.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) The six Avengers of VT-8 come under attack by A6M Zeroes on CAP. Painting: “Only One Survived” by Craig Kodera. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579457013856-QFY1XOZ81FQSAUTY6CBZ/B-26+flies+over+the+Akagi.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) In a dramatic moment not captured in the film, one of the B-26s, piloted by Lt. James Muri, flew directly down the length of Akagi’s flight deck after dropping its torpedo. Painting: “Marauder at Midway” by Jack Fellows. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579457257039-QIZ67R5IFX8QXWKYB6YO/800px-Douglas_TBD-1_Devastators_of_VT-6_are_spotted_for_launch_aboard_USS_Enterprise_%28CV-6%29_on_4_June_1942_%2880-G-41686%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) The TBD ‘Devastators’ of VT-8 on the flight deck of Hornet prior to launch at Midway. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579457341360-BK66ZTJ6RATQK02X69OW/Vt8-g-gay-may42.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Ensign George Gay (right) was the only survivor of VT-8’s attack on the Kido Butai. His gunner, Robert Hunnington (left), was among those killed during the attack. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579457475620-4G5YVZU2KCIVJFTIIS3P/battle-of-midway-by-r-g-smith-3.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) In R.G. Smith’s “Battle of Midway” painting, SBDs from the Enterprise and Yorktown pull out of their dives after achieving hits on three of the Japanese carriers. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579457539975-KXXPEURO9GZ14ZODKHC8/john+hamilton.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) John Hamilton created a series of paintings depicting the Battle of Midway, including this one, titled “The End of Akagi”. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579457824957-DTYSO581ZUASN6F4379L/war+on+the+rocks+1.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Yorktown burns following a pair of bomb hits. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579457866448-GLPKMS1231PMIZ2CAS18/800px-USS_Yorktown_%28CV-5%29_is_hit_by_a_torpedo_on_4_June_1942.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Flak bursts surround the Yorktown, and several Japanese planes are visible in the background, while a torpedo detonates against the side of the carrier. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579457937511-C4MSIHN7G2LRTK3M4OM4/800px-Japanese_aircraft_carrier_Hiryu_adrift_and_burning_on_5_June_1942_%28NH_73065%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Hiryu continues to smolder on the morning following the strikes on the Japanese carrier force. By this point, the Hiryu had long been dead in the water and was abandoned. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579458015635-C8Q9CGV09MA4HYD334SS/800px-SBD-3_Dauntless_bombers_of_VS-8_over_the_burning_Japanese_cruiser_Mikuma_on_6_June_1942.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) In one of the more famous images from the battle, SBDs fly high over the burning Mikuma, preparing for another bombing attack. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579458075475-ZFMEK03NONT6KYNG3HVH/800px-Japanese_heavy_cruiser_Mikuma_sinking_on_6_June_1942_%2880-G-414422%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) The IJN Mikuma continues to burn and list in this picture from a passing US aircraft following the strikes on June 5th. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579458259428-090E3F3MW2KI3D7WTO6P/USS_Hammann_sinking_1942-06-06_seen_from_USS_Yorktown.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) In this picture taken by a member of the skeleton crew aboard the Yorktown, the destroyer Hammann sinks following two torpedo hits. Crew members can be seen abandoning ship. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1579458160025-0ZR783BY9UAC07FOC2K5/Richard_Halsey_Best.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Midway (2019) Lieutenant Richard Best was one of the principle characters of the Midway film. Photo: Wikipedia. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2019/7/27/film-review-they-shall-not-grow-old monthly 0.5 2019-07-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1564245069358-5MBQK9BNATYDW814K4BA/They+Shall+Not+Grow+Old+movie+poster.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: They Shall Not Grow Old https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2019/5/27/tools-of-war-the-messerschmitt-me-109 monthly 0.5 2019-05-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558998942773-VQ82EEWFGYY33LCD4HO9/800px-Me109_G-6_D-FMBB_1-+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 A restored Bf-109G-6. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558996150948-CM7GYQO60XAH5UTAIQYJ/Messerschmidt_Bf109_Prototype_V3.png Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 One of the prototype Bf-109s exhibiting the large radiator beneath the nose, characteristic of early 109s. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558996270385-4G7926CG8RE8RJ2ES2GF/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-169-19%2C_Willy_Messerschmitt-+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 Wilhelm ‘Willi’ Emil Messerschmitt was born in 1898 in Frankfurt am Main. He got his start designing gliders in World War I and started his own aircraft firm in the 1920s. His 1934 design of the 109 was his culminating achievement in aircraft design. He would die in 1978 at the age of 80. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558996582764-0BEHQ6JRQ5IG5J7RI8HM/Focke-Wulf_FW159-+wikipedia.png Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 The Focke-Wulf FW 159, the nearest competitor to the Bf-109. The design was ill-fated- after a crash in 1935, the type lost a competition with the Bf 109. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558996477133-YQB25AOQBKC272CCNIEH/800px-Bf_109A_from_the_Condor_Legion_with_Nationalist_Spain_markings-+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 One of the first 109s dispatched to Spain, wearing its Kondor Legion markings. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558996777789-7QMV8E74J1ZRRP618G7I/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-337-0036-02A%2C_Im_Westen%2C_Feldflugplatz_mit_Me_109.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 A Bf-109 undergoing maintentenace during late 1939 or early 1940. Judging by its appearance, this is a Bf-109E-1. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558996972769-UWGVYCWR9CZ31DXSP1K1/jg-52-by-robert-taylor-me109-2.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 A Rotte of Bf-109E-4s from JG 52, possibly patrolling over the English Channel, probably during the summer of 1940. Painting by Robert Taylor. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558997270129-DJV6P7GZGNLES53RSH3B/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-2006-0122%2C_Hans-Joachim_Marseille-+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 Hans Joachim-Marseille was one of the more remarkable pilots in the Luftwaffe who scored the bulk of his 158 victories while flying over Africa. He began his combat career during the Battle of Britain, where he developed a penchant for insubordination. Reassigned to Africa in April 1941, he quickly began accumulating aerial victories. He was only 23 at the time of his death in September 1942, when died trying to bail out of his disabled aircraft- he impacted the tail surface of the aircraft, likely knocking him unconscious or killing him- he then fell to earth. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558997706827-CG533PAHZHATPRMGLAZR/Messerschmitt_Bf_109G-2-+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 One of several foreign air forces that the Bf-109 served with was the Finnish Air Force- this Bf-109G-2 is warming up its engine in preparation for a mission. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558997922833-DVQCFGC5OQ13J6CV61T3/Eino_Ilmari_Juutilainen-+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 Ilmari Juutilainen was the highest-scoring Finnish Air Force ace during the Second World War. Scoring his first several victories in a Fokker, then 36 kills in a Brewster Buffalo, Juutilainen would go on to shoot down 58 aircraft in a Bf-109. He died in 1999 at the age of 85. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558998196719-GUKV3JTLHGXU5C9D0IYC/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-638-4221-06%2C_Produktion_von_Messerschmitt_Bf_109.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 Bf-109G-6s under construction- the G-6 variant was the most numerous of the Gustavs. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558998621952-L156Q80XBECC2FKVGDDH/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-662-6659-37%2C_Flugzeug_Messerschmitt_Me_109-+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 A Bf-109G from JG 27, armed with MG 151 cannons to combat heavy bombers. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558998417654-ZLAE0WDTJPON6TCIID4T/Erich_Hartmann_%28c._1943%29-+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 Erich Hartmann, nicknamed ‘Bubi’ for his youthful appearance, was the highest-scoring Bf-109 pilot of the war and the highest-scoring fighter ace in military history with 352 kills. What was perhaps most impressive about this figure is that he did not begin flying combat missions until November 1942. After being held as a prisoner by the Russians until 1955, Hartmann would later go on to serve as an officer in the postwar Luftwaffe. He died in 1991 at age 70. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1558998741838-UHH1UPOY5NL90G39VMT0/058.JPG Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Messerschmitt Me-109 A restored Bf-109E-4, pictured at the 2008 Thunder Over Michigan Airshow. Photo source: Author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2019/3/7/tools-of-war-the-stuka monthly 0.5 2019-03-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551985031570-LTLZADNA4AL2PO95MSVG/Junkers_Ju_87B_dropping_bombs-wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka One of the best-known images of a Stuka, preparing to pull out if its dive after releasing its bombs. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551995489951-CEQF6Q4PTB7WGX8NYKI5/Junkers_Ju_87A_with_Spanish_rebel_markings+-wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka One of the early model Ju-87s flying above Spain. The large fairings and more slender fuselage of the early Stukas is evident in this picture. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551995626410-RRZPE55AIUB86CP0HFQJ/800px-Junkers_Ju_87B-2_Stuka.svg+-wikipedia.png Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka The plan, side, and front views of the Ju-87B-2, perhaps the most recognizable Stuka. This was the aircraft which was at the forefront of the Blitzkrieg in Poland, the Low Countries, France, and southern England. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551996132182-7E3DTJGMU9K5AK8O916D/Captured_Ju_87B_in_North_Africa_1941.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka This Ju-87B-2 was captured by British forces in North Africa in 1941. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551996210438-4N4M5UE3O2T3BACV0C6R/Junkers_Ju-87_Stuka_crash-wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka This Ju-87 has been damaged in a crash-landing and of parts. With Allied air power becoming ever more powerful, the Stuka found itself in increasingly hostile skies, in which it could not long survive. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551996462922-XZ020O403UIRYZB4TBY1/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-646-5188-17%2C_Flugzeuge_Junkers_Ju_87+-wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka The Red Air Force’s fragility in the early months of the war gave new life to the Stuka’s combat career. Here a flight of Ju-87Ds fly in tight formation low over a Russian town. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551996601897-CDZ0LNWL8DB27MQ7MZL0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-393-1402-06A%2C_Russland%2C_Junkers_Ju_87+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka As the Russian campaign dragged on, Stukas were forced to weather Russia’s extreme temperatures during winter. This whitewashed Stuka, stained with exhaust and oil from extensive use, would have often required burning an open fire beneath the engine to warm it enough to start. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551996768715-7CMRLQXDAO73ZKKB83X0/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-642-4711-08%2C_Produktion_von_Junkers_Ju_87+-wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka The most produced version of the Stuka was the Ju-87D, featuring a more powerful engine. Photo source: Bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551996863757-C8DNCY0BAFRLDBM01AP6/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-329-2984-05A%2C_Russland%2C_Junkers_Ju_87+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka Another heavily-used Ju-87D taxies back after landing following a mission. Photo source: Bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551997296065-JHPUJW8XB52YNXB0S8IP/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-655-5976-04%2C_Russland%2C_Sturzkampfbomber_Junkers_Ju_87_G-wikpedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka The Ju-87G-2, with its two 37mm cannons, was pressed into service to stop the flood of Soviet tanks. The armor piercing rounds, with a core of tungsten, were particularly effective. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1551997464611-R4C2HSE0072Y9FDM4G4Y/800px-Ju_87_Chicago-+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Stuka One of only two remaining complete Stukas in existence, a Ju-87B-2 which was captured in North Africa in 1943. Today, the aircraft is on display in the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago, Illinois. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2018/11/28/battlefield-visit-franklin monthly 0.5 2018-12-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543741231304-B0QT2DK3N4BAI9HZPQ9H/Kurz_and_Allison_-_Battle_of_Franklin%2C_November_30%2C_1864.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin A post-war illustration of the Battle of Franklin made by the Kurz & Allison company. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543741320367-SQQ7O1YSTXC3SPUOPQXG/Lt._Gen._John_B._Hood.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin John Bell Hood began his military career with education at West Point. After graduating in 1853, Hood served in outposts in California and Texas as well as as a cavalry instructor at West Point. Curiously, Hood had graduated in the same class as his opposite number, John Schofield. Hood was considered an excellent division and brigade commander; as an officer in the Confederate army, Hood was wounded in the arm at Gettysburg and lost a leg at Chickamauga. He was appointed to command the Army of the Tennessee on July 18, 1864 at the age of 33, the youngest army commander on either side. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543741726156-90TNWRT37QH644ET00RD/John_Schofield.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin John Schofield was born in New York in 1831. A graduate of the same West Point class as John Bell Hood, Schofield became an artillery officer serving in Fort Moultrie, South Carolina. He later served in Florida before returning to West Point as an instructor. Schofield rose steadily through the ranks after the outbreak of the war, attaining various commands in the Western Theater before being appointed commander of the Army of the Ohio on February 9, 1864. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543742153206-5F3JPN4JAUEFU1RFWD8S/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Movements during the Franklin-Nashville campaign leading up to the Battle of Franklin. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543742221458-MSVGTMP53F3M2ZWYC1YQ/Franklin-2-1+-+warfare+history+network.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin This is the view which would have appeared to Union defenders in 1864. The Confederates had to march across open terrain for nearly two miles before finally coming up to the Union line. Photo: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543742355907-CZXGK56MKXIEWV3A3GYE/800px-Franklin_battle_1600.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Hood’s army begins its assault at 4PM, approaching from the south. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543742548963-GYCDIRN6OI6ZWQHW1JXL/Gen.-Opdycke-+warfare+history+network.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Colonel Emerson Opdycke was a headstrong brigade commander who had been born in Ohio in 1830. He fought at Shiloh, Chickamauga, Chatanooga, and in the Atlanta campaign. Opdycke’s refusal to follow his division commander’s orders ultimately proved a godsend- his brigade formed a reserve which plunged into the gap punched in Union lines by the Confederate assault. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543742938205-3T0WEE5VZZWAIYVPWW8Z/Franklin_battle_1630.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Hood’s Army assaults the Union line from 5-9PM. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543743007002-9503ZMICHBOHOLQ09E02/carter-house-cotton-gin+-+warfare+history+network.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin The Carter family cotton gin, around which a salient formed in the Union line and for which so many Confederates died attempting to take. The structure was so severely damaged that it had to be destroyed not long after the battle. The ground on which it stood was formerly occupied by a Pizza Hut, but today is preserved as a battlefield park. Photo: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543743326068-J0W9CNG7YAKZMNH4NHKB/cleburne-troiani-700px_0.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Major General Patrick Cleburne leads his men in the charge at Franklin. His horse was shot out from under him, and he would be last seen charging on foot, sword in hand. His body was later found just inside Union lines. Photo: Don Troiani. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543743601329-XG5AUJ5L7WSBDCHZQW65/tod-carter_0+battlefields.org.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Captain Fountain Branch Carter was mortally wounded just a few hundred yards from his childhood home- he would die there two days later. Photo: Battle of Franklin Trust. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543743773102-OHEO6XIBYL97AHAIRK2S/IMAG0816.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin The Carter House. Built in 1830, this building has been converted into a house museum and furnished with as much period furniture as possible- much of it is original to the family. Among the most remarkable artifacts inside is General Schofield’s field desk. The southern face of the building is pockmarked with numerous bullet and shrapnel holes. The house is open for tours, though it should be noted that no photography is allowed inside. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543743990234-HGSKQGHIQB0RF31AAAPA/IMAG0810.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Impact marks on one of the outhouses on the Carter property. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543744084147-M622E7V498NI3I3V4WW5/IMAG0814.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin The Carter family office building- this structure is the most telling of all the buildings in the property- several bullets clearly penetrated completely through one side and out the other- the inside of the building shines with numerous rays from the hundreds of holes in the walls. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543744336943-W1KWWI9F4JFELJU828XO/IMAG0818.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Immediately to the east of Carter House is the turnpike which the Confederates were advancing from the south on. This road still runs to Nashville, though it has of course been modernized several times over the years. Additionally, compared with the black and white photo early in this article, you can see how much the terrain has changed in 154 years- it has become much more developed and wooded, a far cry from the open fields of 1864. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543744545219-7WT3OOSSB2481GSLA6IS/IMAG0820.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Three cannons stand along the area where the Union line once was. This is the property which was purchased by the Battle of Franklin Trust about 13 years ago following the demolition of the Pizza Hut which formerly stood on the site. About 150 meters in front of these cannons is a marker placed at the site where Cleburne’s body was found. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543744672182-WPXI46D10BMA3X3B9EF5/IMAG0822.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin A view from just south of the preserved park, looking north- this would have been just south of the main Union line. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543744753283-LJAJS7M3Z982YKOZDAUA/IMAG0837.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Just to the northeast of the battlefield is the remains of Fort Granger, a fortification built during the war. John Schofield set up his headquarters here and observed the battle’s progress. Guns here provided fire support to the Union line and hammered the Confederates as they approached Franklin from the south. The fort is open to the public and has several placards discussing the fort’s history. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543744961662-BK0DY0T6WGJ9REYDR9H4/IMAG0843.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin This viewpoint from Fort Granger is likely where Schofield watched his army defend Franklin. From here, he would have had a clear view of nearly the entire Union defensive positions and could make adjustments according to Confederate actions. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1543745130726-UCLOWUKKM6RR2NE3MHL6/800px-Mcg1.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Franklin Carnton Plantation, used as a field hospital by the Confederates, is also open to the public. Immediately after the war, the McGavoks, who owned the plantation, donated some of the property for use as a cemetery- nearly 1500 Confederate soldiers are buried here who were killed at Franklin. The land to the north of Carnton is also a battlefield park, with walking paths marked with placards crisscrossing the field in front of the house. Photo: Wikipedia. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2018/8/13/tools-of-war-republic-p-47-thunderbolt monthly 0.5 2018-09-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536632469883-KZWAS2NTW3ZLXMOM7OUG/Thunderbolt_II_30_Sqn_RAF_at_Jumchar_1945.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt A New Zealand P-47D runs up its engine. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536632671054-N89IHZXNF00QH63MPZ4L/Republic_P-43_Lancer.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt A Seversky P-43 Lancer in pre-war markings. The design already shares the jug-shaped fuselage which would distinguish the P-47. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536633269517-NKT7VCC0GGC9DXX0OJFL/56thfightergroup-61fs-p47s.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt A trio of P-47Cs from the 56th Fighter Group prepare to take off in late 1942 or early 1943 (indicated by the yellow ring around the roundels on the fuselage). Photosource: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536633391889-1W9F05QOXN3DXIPDRPV8/Image00108.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt A P-47D from the 460th Fighter Squadron equipped with a centerline tank in flight over the Pacific, likely the Philippines. The aircraft has probably completed a ground attack mission, as its bomb racks are empty. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536634360428-SJRI9DB6WSSSCHOGTVM8/800px-Neel_E_Kearby_USAAF_with_P-47_c1943.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt Col. Neel Kearby, the highest-scoring P-47 ace in the Pacific. Flying with the 348th Fighter Group, Kearby racked up 21 kills by March 1944 over the South Pacific. On March 5th, Kearby was on a mission near Wewak when he encountered a formation of Japanese Ki-43 fighters. After shooting down one, Kearby himself was shot down and killed. The remains of his P-47D, Fiery Ginger IV, are on display in the National Museum of the United States Air Force. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536634726737-7BQK1R0NS7RQVY5HVL8R/P47_Escuadron_201_mexico.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt A Mexican Air Force P-47D in flight over the Philippines in early 1945. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536635432308-9OH0VQ1LLMBQ9F4PWSZS/media-25486.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt Two P-47Ds from the 65th Fighter Squadron take off for a ground attack mission in Italy from their base in Corsica. This squadron along with others in Corsica participated in a vigorous interdiction campaign in central and northern Italy called Operation Strangle, the goal of which was to cut off German front lines from their supply lines. Photo source: American Air Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536635687545-UUJBI3J186YU9Q0V6NG2/507th_Fighter_Squadron_-_Republic_P-47D-27-RE_Thunderbolt_42-27234.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt A P-47D with the 507th Fighter-Bomber Squadron in Germany in April 1945. This unit participated in the European Campaign with the IX TAC, providing close air support to General Omar Bradley's forces. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536635911847-GE94N0YAEIITM2Z52XIP/03s_am2015_49cas-bai-p47raywalshrocketsnormndy6-23-4401069634_194_tml-live-+air+and+spacee.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt In this well-known provocative photo, a P-47 piloted by Captain Ray Walsh of the 406th Fighter Squadron pulls up from strafing an ammunition truck, which has exploded violently. Ground attack missions against potentially volatile targets such as ammunition train cars and storage depots could be hazardous obstacles, throwing up flaming debris into the flight path of attacking fighter bombers. Photo source: Air & Space Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536636424525-SKVV6F264OG2B3SQXLHD/P-47-Damaged+Fuselage-3.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt A P-47 pilot displays a rather sober face after examining his P-47, which has sustained a direct hit from a flak round of unknown caliber. Photo source: Pinterest. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536637086359-BCZGOXAD0CS7WJ5LBJU4/media-377464.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt Another pilot stands among the remains of his right horizontal stabilizer, which was clearly hit by flak, spraying shrapnel into the tail and fuselage. This kind of damage was not at all uncommon during the dangerous close air support and ground attack missions undertaken by Thunderbolt pilots on a routine basis. Photo source: Cradle of Aviation Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536634902119-KKQYACFWTCCXLYIJFG3A/Francis_Gabreski_color_photo_in_pilot_suit.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt LTC Francis Gabreski of the 56th Fighter Group was the leading ace of the 8th Air Force with 28 confirmed victories. On July 20, 1944, during the final mission of his tour in Europe, Gabreski flew too low during a strafing pass on a German airfield and his propeller struck the ground, forcing him to crash land. He spent the remainder of the war as a POW. After the war, Gabreski continued to fly with the Air Force, shooting down six MiGs in the Korean War and retiring in 1967 as a Colonel. He died in 2002 at the age of 83. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1536635196124-H70SHN33PCNH7QSYUS46/Rsjhnson.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Republic P-47 Thunderbolt Captain Robert S. Johnson shot down 27 German aircraft over Europe, making him the second-highest scoring 8th Air Force ace. After returning to the US in 1944, he left the military in 1947. He died in 1998 at the age of 78. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2018/7/21/tools-of-war-m1-garand monthly 0.5 2018-07-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532218589808-LY3UCH0D3DEN4NKLBL59/800px-Infantryman_in_1942_with_M1_Garand%2C_Fort_Knox%2C_KY.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand A GI poses with an early production M1 Garand in a rare pre-war color photograph taken at Fort Knox, Kentucky. Source: Popular Mechanics/Library of Congress. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532219061020-M47QBGTA8YV2GECU5MSE/garand-shop-1923.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand John Garrand at work in the Springfield Armory machine shop in 1923. Photo source: m1-garand-rifle.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532219605522-I0ZNSJAUAEFQ1LUZC7AN/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand The final product of John Garand's labors. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532219776869-XSBHOPI2CMRLDRAREKFX/En-JohnGarandLarge.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand John Garand shows the details of his rifle to Major General Charles Wesson, Chief of the Army Ordnance Corps. Photo Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532219704882-6SNI3V0Z8CN4QEPKNQLF/gas+cylinder+difference+NRA.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand A magazine photograph shows the difference between the early "Gas-trap" M1s and later production versions. Photo source: American Rifleman. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532220238213-TZQHU1O0W8PWCIH8Z2H8/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand An NCO instructs a private on marksmanship during the Second World War. Photo source: Popular Mechanics/Getty Images. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532220440366-XEJLOEOTAMD5BN4Z1N48/m1-does-my-talking.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand A World War II poster featuring the M-1. Photo source: m1-garand-rifle.com https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532220796540-5Y5VOTPIBREGG2VKJ7YR/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand John Garand poses with an M1. Photo: Popular Mechanics. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532220941566-UK6O52U1LSMHUAYMV3VT/H7_WWII-1024x580+thegca.org.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand A soldier with his M1 in Europe. US soldiers and marines enjoyed a firepower advantage over their adversaries in both Europe and the Pacific; all of the Axis powers used primarily bolt-action rifles such as the Kar 98K and the Arisaka. Photo source: Popular Mechanics. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532221165126-ALXC2R7QJK8QQ65IVONY/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand US soldiers supervise the marksmanship training of South Korean soldiers using M-1s in 1952. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1532221227206-IUO7AKMZG9P24EQMMOLO/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: M1 Garand John Garand after his retirement. He died in 1974 in Springfield, Massachusetts. Photo: m1-garand-rifle.com https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2018/5/15/tools-of-war-vickers-fb5-gunbus monthly 0.5 2018-05-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1526437005427-8VJBDYOYRPRDF3QTRXOS/Vickers_FB.5_Gunbus_2345_G-ATVP_Yvtn_09.07.66_edited-3.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Vickers F.B.5 'Gunbus' A replica Vickers Gunbus. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1526437064288-MQOLGG6BCV920OQ1OHQS/vickers_fb-5.gif Featured Articles - Tools of War: Vickers F.B.5 'Gunbus' A plan view of the Vickers F.B.5 Gunbus. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1526438423275-SK4KWTKREZDZFSS7F3SI/vickers_fb5.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Vickers F.B.5 'Gunbus' The production version of the Vickers Gunbus, showing its flexible machine gun mount in the nose. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1526437315817-3ZY3QD3359UM510T857Q/02_wootton_vickersFB5gunbus_1915.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Vickers F.B.5 'Gunbus' The Gunbus, painting by Frank Wooten. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1526437644346-RCJRWGVU1ERMMNJ5SV2A/BM207_8__20184.1416208516.380.380-+HPM+Hobbies.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Vickers F.B.5 'Gunbus' A Gunbus is attacked by a Fokker Eindecker- by late 1915, increasing numbers of Eindeckers had rendered the Gunbus design hopelessly obsolete. Photo source: HiPM Models. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1526438030270-7374U80779IK9J7NWHMB/Hendon_190913_Vickers_FB5_02.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Vickers F.B.5 'Gunbus' The sole replica Vickers Gunbus, which is currently on display in the Hendon RAF Museum. Photo source: Flikr. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2018/4/5/hilfskreuzer monthly 0.5 2018-04-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522976517205-IW0HRXCT2RZEAQF8AOC4/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1969-117-48%2C_Hilfskreuzer_Kormoran.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! Kormoran, seen during her cruise from another German ship, 1940-1941. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522976684372-0HCF3YXJCTUCHJELRG54/Hilfskreuzer_Atlantis.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! The Atlantis, one of the two most successful German raiders. After over a year and a half at sea, the Atlantis was finally sunk on November 22, 1941. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522976969519-322GCZ7V5OD0U34LRPGM/bernhard_rogge-+bismarck.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! Captain Berhard Rogge, the commander of the Atlantis. Rogge began his service in the navy during the First World War. After surviving the sinking of the Atlantis, Rogge spent the rest of the war as a POW. Rogge was commended for his excellent treatment of prisoners he captured while commanding the Atlantis. After the war, Rogge served in the West German Navy, reaching the rank of Rear Admiral. He died in 1982. Photo source: bismarck-class.dk. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522977674300-2P07OMYLTKQSGSS2D3AW/hk_pinguin_02_+bismarck.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! The Pinguin in home waters. After a successful career, particularly against the Norwegian whaling fleet, Pinguin was sunk in the Indian Ocean by the cruiser HMS Cornwall on May 8, 1941. Only 60 of Pinguin's crew of 400 survived to be captured. Photo source: bismarck-class.dk https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522978144710-HJQM87UN08FXWGKB7RSZ/A-00642_Hvalkokeri_PELAGOS.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! The Norwegian factory ship Pellagos, one of the Norwegian whaling vessels captured by the Pinguin in January 1941. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522977386728-KA4QTJHQEZ9P0LF456LA/hk_orion_07-bismarck.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! The Orion proceeding under disguise. A number of panels are visible along the side of the ship which would be dropped to reveal guns. Orion survived her cruise and made it nearly to the end of the war, only to be sunk by bombs in waters off Denmark on May 4, 1945. Photo source: bismarck-class.dk. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522978442264-GD846BQPLZDZ477WS9L2/hk_komet_04-bismarck.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! The Komet, displaying a Japanese disguise. Komet was much smaller than most of her fellow raiders, displacing just 3300 tons. Photo source: bismarck-class.dk. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522978771542-8Q23SCVAU8FD9EJYO2CJ/hk_thor_02_santa_cruz_1939_or_1940-bismarck.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! Raider Thor disguised as the Santa Cruz. Despite her diminutive size at just 3800 tons, Thor proved to be one of the two most successful raiders. After two successful cruises during which she took on three Armed Merchant Cruisers, Thor docked in Yokohama, Japan. Unfortunately, she was destroyed in a fire that broke out in the docks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522979316645-ACTPGBJTC5WUKEH3YQLE/800px-StateLibQld_1_127151_Carnarvon_Castle_%28ship%29.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! A prewar postcard of the Carnarvon Castle Heavily damaged by Thor, Carnarvon Castle was heavily damaged and had to make for Montevideo for repairs. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522979710527-VXCBO7AGAF1CLRZAR45K/StateLibQld_1_169627_Voltaire_%28ship%29.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! The AMC Voltaire, which was sunk during a battle with Thor in April 1941. 100 of Voltaire's crew were killed, but the surviving 196 were picked up by the German raider. Photo source:Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522979842426-EML2Q6T7MU6KHX6HAUFC/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1985-074-27%2C_Hilfskreuzer_Kormoran.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! The raider Kormoran during an at-sea rendevous with a U-boat. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522979914555-5EG7JCTIXI6YDEOYU8DF/Theodor_Detmers.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! Captain Theodore Detmers. A veteran of the German Navy during the Inter-war period, Detmers was held as a prisoner in Australia following the battle with Sydney. He was released in 1947, but was unable to serve in the postwar navy owing to a stroke he suffered in captivity. He died in 1976 at the age of 74. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522980346502-AQR6KLAT95DHDAMMZAC5/HMAS_Sydney_%28AWM_301473%29.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! The light cruiser HMAS Sydney. Despite being well-armed in comparison with the Kormoran, the Sydney unwittingly closed within lethal range of the Kormoran's guns and was mortally damaged. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522980465283-K50EHKSHQVXOGME9R6HB/2A7BD8E000000578-3158738-A_gun_named_Linda_pictured_marked_with_a_skull_and_cross_bones_i-a-2_1436788818661-+daily+mail.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! One of the Kormoran's 150mm guns as seen today on the ocean flow. Kormoran's wreck was discovered in 2008 at a depth of 8400 ft. Photo source: dailymail.uk. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522980707336-WIXXZ7GF0PW0MUN1RMZ0/HMAS-sydney-may-1-2015-+business+insider.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! Also discovered in 2008, the wreck of the HMAS Sydney lies about 13 miles southeast of the Kormoran's final resting place. Photo source: Business Insider. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1522980834273-1BEV07GC1NHCW2Z4D5JG/Hk_stier_Stiern7.jpg Featured Articles - Hilfskreuzer! The Stier was perhaps the least successful of the German raiders, only sinking three ships during 1942 before meeting an unexpected end at the hands of a Liberty ship in September 1942. Photo source: bismarck-class.dk. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2017/11/13/the-tiger-and-the-sherman-a-critical-look monthly 0.5 2017-11-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510566552547-R865PU2N621WE79FFEOP/Sherman_tank_and_Horsa_glider.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look A British Sherman in action in Normandy shortly after D-Day. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510566707566-E1XBIOTMOKUNXEQ537M6/Aberdean_proving_grounds_014.JPG Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look An M2 medium tank. Much of the Sherman's design was drawn from experiences with this tank. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510566761851-YGGIRS5KGS1NTDTSOXJR/1024px-M3grantmini.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look An M3 Grant medium tank, another tank that the Sherman traced its roots to. Unlike the M2, the M3 did see combat, though it had very limited success owing to design limitations. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510567076787-X3FK45MHTJ127PIOBLU0/sherman_M4A1_tunisia_battleofkeren-+Life+Magazine.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look An M4A1, showing the rounded hull that was standard with early-model Shermans. Photo source: Life Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510567320826-J7KVXW77RXNWU42UO5R1/VK4501_Tiger%28P%29.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look The final form of the Porsche prototype. Ultimately the Porsche turret would be used on the Tiger I, while the chassis was built by Henschel. However, the Porsche design was built in limited numbers- many of these chassis were later converted to Elefant tank destroyers. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510567552118-TL2EZE04OZ6XFI0CWDYL/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-554-0872-35%2C_Tunesien%2C_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_I%29.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look An early-production Tiger I in service in Tunisia. Photo source: Bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510567628027-SKZPSJCDYIP2WJP9BRDW/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-635-3965-21%2C_Panzerfabrik_in_Deutschland.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look An assembly line for Tiger Is. Frequent bombing by Allied aircraft meant that production would ultimately be decentralized, further delaying the rate at which these complex tanks could be produced. Photo source: Bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510567861145-OZG3V7WPD5JHF18Y60ID/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look A Tiger I having its engine serviced along the Eastern Front. Photo source: Bundesarchiv. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510568615688-NS98SGG8ACME88AA9VBP/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-299-1804-07%2C_Nordfrankreich%2C_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_I%29.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look A column of Tiger Is on the move in Northern France in the summer of 1944. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510567933669-CBNNE30633CBLXQVWX3B/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-022-2935-24%2C_Russland%2C_Treffer_an_Panzer_VI_%28Tiger_I%29.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look Tiger crewmen examine the impact mark left behind from a shell that failed to penetrate the Tiger's armor. It appears that this impact was on one of the sides of the tank. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510568067997-RPG0NRXG02Q6S2YBK210/British_Sherman_Firefly_Namur.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look A British Firefly in Namur, 1944. With its 17-pounder anti-tank gun, the Firefly was the only tank that the Western allies had capable of penetrating the Tiger's frontal armor. German tankers quickly realized the danger posed by these tanks and would target them first, leading Firefly tankers to camoflauge the barrels of their Fireflies in turn to disguise them as regular Shermans. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510568482393-9F2NV4U72SM36KR9ORJE/M4A3E2_Sherman_Jumbo_75mm_gun.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look A M4A3E2 "Jumbo" Sherman, which featured much thicker armor and a 105mm main gun. Thanks to their durability, the Jumbo Shermans were preferred for use in leading assaults. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510568918915-SHK8XWE1XBV65TY9LV5L/Sherman-korea.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look A M4A3E8 "Easy Eight" Sherman firing on communist positions during the Korean War. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510569343904-967A8CJG2J7C02ZPHRTA/800px-American_tank_in_Carentan.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look An M7 Priest self-propelled gun, armed with a 105mm howitzer. The Priest was just one example of numerous designs based on the Sherman chassis. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510569525539-23D722DVLLPQHXCNU0JC/Bundesarchiv_Bild_101I-310-0899-15_Italien_Panzer_VI_Tiger_I_Reparatur.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look An early-production Tiger I, showing the overlapping road wheels, which were prone to jamming in winter-time when mud would freeze between the wheels. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510569718647-TR119JGKTI1U9Y9MGQON/Kurt_Knispel.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look Kurt Knispel, the highest-scoring tank commander in military history. Knispel was killed shortly before the end of the war. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510569794676-R3ZSCYY9Y1KCU5DIS4RF/Bundesarchiv_Bild_146-1983-108-29%2C_Michael_Wittmann.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look Michael Wittmann, another high-scoring tank ace who scored the majority of his kills in Tigers. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510569910386-8X6G8BE5Z5IKXW6KH9PM/Wittmann_Tiger_007.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look The remains of Wittmann's Tiger in which he was killed. Wittmann was killed in August 1944, likely by a British Firefly. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510570065707-ES9Z5CBBIXSON5668SCJ/Lafayette_G._Pool%2C_1949.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look Lafayette Pool, who served with the 3rd Armored Division. Pool was likely the highest-scoring American tank ace in the war, and scored all of his kills in a three month period before he was removed from combat after losing a leg. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510570503849-YUKOW0NP0D1XYG6TRS6U/leipzig-+source+warfare+history+network.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look A scene that became all-to-familiar to Allied soldiers in Europe- a Sherman ablaze. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510570624727-QV3RGZFSDSWXGTWWF43M/M26_Killer.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look This Tiger met the same fate as many of its fellows- it was abandoned after becoming immobilized in a pile of rubble. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510570848720-698SFCK2COJA3CUFR0CK/800px-M51-Isherman-latrun-1.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look An Israeli M51 Super Sherman, alongside an early M50. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510570924730-3967TU7VAX0ZRXGQVTNP/Tiger_131_%287527948486%29.jpg Featured Articles - The Tiger and the Sherman: A Critical Look The only functional Tiger I in the world resides in the Bovington Tank Museum in England. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2017/10/30/tools-of-war-uss-lst-325 monthly 0.5 2017-11-01 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509508472363-ULV7ETCTP36IMFUV8W0M/20170909_182326.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 visits Clarksville, Tennessee in September 2017. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509420944887-RDUN2JZ6GGZSNGB96SD9/LST-942_underway_in_late_1944-wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 The USS LST-942 underway in late 1944. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509421064190-E58D9Y4VDA9X4YDLOWO5/Navsource_02.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509421261805-UM2X4EIY4PT9UGAEQG29/lst+memorial+-+3+brodie+gear.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 A side view of USS LST-325 equipped with a Brodie system. This photo was likely taken in 1945 around the end of the war. Photo source: lstmemorial.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509421358969-FMK2BP03HTL3M43YMGZQ/LST_Aircraft_Carrier-wiki.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 A view from the deck of an LST converted for use as an "aircraft carrier". The aircraft in this picture are Piper L-4 observation aircraft, frequently used for artillery spotting. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509421454031-IMKX670HW86AVAXY63GR/LST_Invasion_of_Normandy-wiki.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 One of the most iconic images of the war, this photograph shows numerous LSTs offloading men and vehicles at the beaches of Normandy not long after D-Day. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509421630997-VIUJIL80WQNEZKOY6H03/Navsource_03.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 beached at Slapton Sands in January 1944 during one of the exercises rehearsing the invasion of Normandy. Photo source: navsource.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509421724828-ERQ0XU7AWO9JD70GPK58/Navsource_05.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 beached off the coast of Normandy at low tide on June 12, 1944. Photo source: navsource.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509421836799-HRFUOO5L96LDG9ULZOES/lstmemorial-+2+Stan+Barish+German+POW.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 German prisoners debarking USS LST-325 in England following the invasion of Normandy. Photo source: navsource.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509421921841-51GO98PPTK6JILSTZOL6/Navsource_08.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 in 1964, not long before she was transferred to the Greek Navy. Photo source: navsource.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509422098283-4419BI1J4WC5YFGRHK49/Navsource_09.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 in service with the Greek Navy. Photo source: navsource.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509508622222-5LIOLFMY6H0GA3ST4C9F/20170429_140455.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 moored at its home port in Evansville, Indiana in April 2017. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509509057910-J70V1R8UH2RFEQ141TWR/20170429_142050.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 The tank deck of USS LST-325 looking aft from the bow. Much of the tank deck is currently used as exhibit space. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509509205294-8HESTST3GACL6F3GAQDK/20170429_143510.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 Another view of the tank deck, closer towards the aft of the ship. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509509386202-YQW9F356D64LJKFDN7RL/20170429_141739.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 One of the troop berthing areas located in the sides of the ship. A standard LST was capable of transporting over 100 combat-loaded troops in addition to tanks and vehicles. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509509525587-S98AZV6CI20RAVM8US8R/20170429_150317.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 One of the hallways in the officer cabin area. These cabins are located in the superstructure of the ship. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509509676132-N3F3TMSLY8X9BL99S3CB/20170429_145954.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 The interior of the original bridge. Today, the USS LST-325 has a modern bridge mounted on the top of the superstructure to meet current requirements for operation. Photo: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1509509936817-MBPVHB11C8PWEIO395MO/20170429_150730.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: USS LST-325 The superstructure of the LST as viewed from the deck. Photo: author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2017/8/18/film-review-dunkirk monthly 0.5 2017-08-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503070393663-7RHPI1KP77VIB0EKJVVX/Dunkirk_Film_poster+wikipedia.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503071439541-12LANRHM2RGDJ4O4QCBV/General_the_Viscount_Gort_Vc%2C_Gcb%2C_Cbe%2C_Dso%2C_Mvo%2C_Mc_Art.IWMARTLD730.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk Lord Field Marshal John Gort's official portrait. Despite Gort's difficult situation as commander of the BEF, he would come under heavy criticism as having perceived to have abandoned the French. Gort would later serve in the Mediterranean as Governor of Gibraltar, as the Governor of Malta, and lastly in the position of High Commissioner for Palestine and Transjordan. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503070514397-IOL67XH7NFM8XS6OMK23/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L08129%2C_Gerd_v._Rundstedt.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk General Gerd von Rundstedt, commander of German Army Group A, which successfully broke through French defenses and swept into France. Rundstedt had retired in 1938 only to be recalled to active service when Germany invaded Poland. Rundstedt would be subsequently be dismissed in late 1941, the summer of 1944, and March 1945- by Hitler each time. An excellent commander, he was recalled to service several times to salvage defensive situations. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503072444225-YHPBEHA1GUWYC2WMVTYU/warfare+history+network+01.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk The campaign in France from 21 May to 31 May, ending with the encirclement of the BEF and elements of the French and Belgian armies at Dunkirk. Source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503071066577-5X1SYOJPCKD4WGSBWIAY/Operation_Overlord_%28the_Normandy_Landings%29-_D-day_6_June_1944-_Personalities_A23443.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk Vice Admiral Sir Bertram Ramsey, in overall command of the evacuation of the BEF from Dunkirk. Working almost constantly in Dover castle, Ramsey's dedication and ultimate success in orchestrating the operation earned him a visit with King George VI as well as the title of Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503072219695-C1FEO1O3PPDNOHV0C3S9/Vice_Admiral_Tennant_1945_IWM_A_29072.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk As the senior Royal Navy officer on the ground, at-that-time Captain William Tenant (later Admiral Sir William Tenant) was in charge of overseeing evacuation efforts at Dunkirk. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503072609888-SX2S41MDKY5OINT73VEL/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk Among the most famous images captured during the evacuation of Dunkirk was this: the image of thousands of British troops waiting on the sands of the French coast in hopes of being evacuated. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503072781534-XXACEUV4HWD64MW8LH8T/warfare+history+network+02.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk Amidst one of the seemingly endless Luftwaffe attacks, BEF soldiers take aim at attacking bombers with their rifles. Source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503072940147-R1AZLGT1AS617R3XC0L8/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk The Mona Queen, a liner from the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company, sinks after striking a mine on 29 May. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503073152490-A5D51F6YT63WPIXA4UDM/warfare+history+network+06.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk The French destroyer Bourrasque sinks after striking a mine on 30 May after having taken on a load of soldiers, who are now jumping overboard. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503073544077-A7HKME8E65YYFJJH1OF6/warfare+history+network+03.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk British soldiers board a destroyer at the mole at Dunkirk. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503073428926-ZBMFPPRQAUFNYZ332XTS/Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_on_a_destroyer_about_to_berth_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1637.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk British soldiers crowded on board of a destroyer following evacuation prepare to dock at Dover on 31 May. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503073655462-FBAAU50RBUKL6XWWGJ55/The_Evacuation_From_Dunkirk%2C_May_-_June_1940_H1647.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk British soldiers, just having arrived at Dover exhausted from their ordeal in France, await a train to take them north. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503073785451-JB1X2AF91TO7N0S817AW/warfare+history+network+05.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk Not all soldiers were successfully evacuated from Dunkirk. Some 40,000 French soldiers, left behind as a rearguard to hold off the Germans, were captured when the Wehrmacht finally overran the port. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503074051520-4LWEO5MVJ52U75C1NUIZ/1024px-Supermarine_Spitfire_Vb_%E2%80%98R9649_-_LC%E2%80%99_%28G-CISV_-_EP122%29_%2835522161724%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk Nolan wanted to use as much period-correct vehicles as possible to lend historical accuracy to the film. Pictured is one of several Supermarine Spitfires used in the film. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503074171404-X5GWKM6ULAKVTQMCESZV/800px-Hispano_HA.1112M1L_Buchon_%27Black_2%27_%28G-AWHK%29_%2836053481566%29.jpg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk Though there are a number of ME-109s that remain airworthy, none are the correct version that would have been flying in 1940. As a result, Nolan used a Hispano HA 1112 "Buchon" as a substitute. This aircraft is a post-war design based on the airframe of the ME-109 paired with the engine of the Spitfire. Buchons have been used as ME-109s in film before, most notably in the 1968 film "Battle of Britain." Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503074465778-QOOR5HDJJNIOR1IVSZBO/MailleBreze_FilmDunkirk.JPG Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk The retired French destroyer Maille-Breze, built in the 1950s, was used as a substitute for British destroyers in the film. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1503074552345-V7POV23IP516TC7S1DML/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Dunkirk The MLV Castor was one of several ships used to portray a number of minesweepers in the film. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2017/6/6/kfok760iav4wk5ibz8e06517z4rvxt monthly 0.5 2017-06-10 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1496805090384-HCAFEF28IPEGJT4J72FP/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1496805267976-E41A23KRXHFQEEXKAGZL/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1496806046755-L28ALDNYWV4C252NCUT6/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa Marshal-Admiral The Marquis Togo Heihachiro. Born on January 27, 1848, in Kagoshima Prefecture, Togo was a member of the Japanese Navy from the age of 15. He spent much of the 1870s studying in England, returning to Japan in 1878. Given various commands and seeing combat in the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895, Togo was made Commander in Chief of the Combined Fleet in 1903. He held this command through the Russo-Japanese War, and was ultimately made Marshal-Admiral, equivalent in rank to the US Navy's Fleet Admiral. He died on May 30, 1934 at age 86. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1496805394212-5YYK1FUA4R1ZC91DH61I/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa Japanese warships exchange fire with the Russian fleet during the Battle of the Yellow Sea. Source: maritimeprofessional.com. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1496805899629-J5B211FXAZYLWB52XHYV/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa Mikasa's after turret, damaged in the Battle of the Yellow Sea. Source: National Institute for Defense Studies, Ministry of Defense. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1496806910891-HQG9TGF8FZ02C053LNR8/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa The commander of the Russian fleet at the Battle of Tsushima, Admiral Zinovy Rozhestvensky. Born on November 11, 1848 in St. Petersburg, Russia, Rozhestvensky also joined the navy at an early age. He saw action during the Russo-Turkish War (1877-1878), and afterwards was promoted to various commands before being appointed commander of the Baltic Fleet in 1904. Rozhestvensky commanded his fleet on its ill-fated voyage to the Pacific from 1904-1905. Following his the disaster that befell his ships at Tsushima, he was held prisoner and released at the conclusion of the war. On his return to Russia, he was court-martialed for his defeat and found guilty, though the Tsar would commute his sentence of execution to a short stint in prison. He died of a heart attack on January 14, 1909. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1496808887543-UKWB0GL4XASI60SHTX4H/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa The circuitous route of the various components of the Russian fleet on its way to the Pacific Ocean, from 1904-1905. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1496808982155-D7VXV5C9CQY5GVA877LC/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa The battleship Knyav Suvorov, Rohestvensky's flagship. Hit countless times by Japanese gunfire, including a hit which incapacitated the admiral with a head wound, the battleship was abandoned and sank. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1496809728715-8REJQEUOIP2HTYLBVB7P/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa Admiral Togo on the bridge of the Mikasa during the Battle of Tsushima. The original painting now hangs in the lower deck of the Mikasa. Photo: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497060246546-LXS8EPX06OGN32VTFL2T/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa View of the bow of the Mikasa, as it appears today. This view clearly shows the ship's current location on land, with much of its lower decks filled in with concrete. Additionally, the ship's secondary armament, 14 6.5-inch guns, are evident in this picture. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497060375715-EDVBN0O2DJF7S0WKW3HT/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa A view from the battleship's superstructure, looking out over Yokosuka harbor. Much of the Mikasa's upper works are not original, having been stripped following World War II and replaced by reproductions during the post-war restoration. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497060525421-GHSC36XVWYK3QFD62ZHQ/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa A typically restored room on board the Mikasa, in this instance the communications room. A number of artifacts are on display with the aid of placards. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497060606482-5XH4JDH01754875ZGYMK/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa The Mikasa had additional armament in the form of four 3.5-inch guns, two on each side. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497060753022-MPZZ1TP5FLGRH90LAZCF/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa The bow turret of the Mikasa, with its 12-inch battery. The turret and guns are reproductions put in place during the warship's postwar restoration. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497060864512-WKYUWPUMXZNVWTWYASXH/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa The interior of the Mikasa's main bridge. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497060908579-F8M1GTOSDVSG7STR11Y8/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa One of the Mikasa's secondary 6.5-inch guns. The galleries where these guns are housed have been converted into exhibit space, supported by large text and photographic panels. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497061045507-3FM20L1TZHVX1ZTMD4OT/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa Along one of the side corridors on the Mikasa's lower deck is this gallery, which is comprised of models representing many classes of ships and aircraft which have served in the Imperial Japanese Navy and Japanese Self Defense Forces. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497061237048-HCVGBCXFOZ1VQZL3E92O/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa One of the many exhibits which are located on the lower deck of the Mikasa. This lower deck has been converted in large part into a museum space. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497061333759-O5B4IC7VA5JRWARTOFEZ/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa The main museum area house several very large-scale models of Imperial Japanese Navy ships that served in the Russo-Japanese War. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497061465840-AFX4BSD4Y8M044JIFXGS/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa An officer's bathroom on the lower deck of the Mikasa. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1497061566990-6VC5GYY3EFOW6NAVXATC/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship Mikasa The officer's wardroom on board the Mikasa. The stern cabins of the Mikasa have been the subject of a much more intense restoration effort. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2017/4/15/battlefield-visit-stones-river monthly 0.5 2017-04-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492228050868-ZZOQWKGWIOPN56G7QXKT/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492228195788-WFHALQ51UAFWM6COAFA6/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Major General William Rosecrans. An 1842 graduate of West Point, Rosecrans had taken command of the Army of the Cumberland from Major General Don Carlos Buell, who had been criticized for his lack of action. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492228300484-7WJCFT95Q03WU8LPQRFI/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River General Braxton Bragg was the commander of the Confederacy's Army of the Tennessee. A West Point graduate from the class of 1837, Bragg was highly suspicious of the members of his staff and extremely disliked. Despite attempts by his staff to remove him, he remained in command of the Army of the Tennessee. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492228463331-YM6TJYU1U99XT217AQ9X/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River The tactical situation on December 30, 1862. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492228862874-0KARQF2YENMLG5RA27XU/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River The Confederate attack on the morning of the 31st. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492228524293-GLWEL163XBJVLUIYWAU3/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Major General Alexander McCook, commander of the Union's right wing, disregarded reports of Confederate activity along his front and did not order his men to stand to at dawn. As a result, two of his divisions were quickly overrun by the Confederate attack. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492229268299-NBVAMCQRZ0BERGRBWDTO/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Confederate infantry, taking fire from the Union defensive line along the turnpike, struggle to advance across the cotton fields. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492228805493-T43EMNPKRV1K072J6WOG/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River The tactical situation at the end of December 31st, following the Union withdrawal to the turnpike. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492229166828-3E08MMABDK0GNBP2YBEO/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Confederate Major General John Breckenridge was very reluctant to mount the charge proposed by Bragg. Despite his protests, Bragg ordered him to carry out the attack. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492228916217-BURJVZWCQYS16LDKWRBQ/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Breckenridge's Division attacks the Union position atop a hill next to the river. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492229008483-IG8YHLOKODDKKNOLCCGM/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Union forces counterattack following the destruction of Breckenridge's Division. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492229068404-Y9DLH8VV7HI475PXHLA6/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Breckenridge's Division, having sustained 1800 killed or wounded in less than an hour at the hands of 58 Union guns, retreat back across the river. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492229348693-42YEGOIRVJD0LEVWPVEK/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River The entrance to Stones River National Battlefield. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492229555326-XT9XS10JF1QLJF7ASXY8/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Cannons mark the edge of one of the fields through which Confederate troops advanced. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492229660933-3P3GK2U8TJYBDHG1REUI/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River An area known as the Slaughter Pen- Union troops held out here among the limestone outcroppings as long as they could, until Sheridan's troops ran out of ammunition and forced the troops here to retreat along with them. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492229770676-BZ18UE80S3ECD0MYGP3V/17156280_398878700465548_7994096045453505976_n.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Trenches remain from the positions that were occupied by the Pioneer Brigade. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492229891174-AJWPUD5BNEI3X90JYRHE/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River A road and pedestrian path wind through the cotton field- the scene of the last Confederate assaults on December 31st- the Union had dug in along the turnpike, the position of which would be along the right side of this picture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492230016704-N7MZ9FSRE4TM11559O9S/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River It was at this position that 58 Union guns were assembled and inflicted terrible losses against Breckenridge's Division during its attack on January 2nd. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492230083138-SZ67EUKZ88HLZT04OXCC/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River A monument marks the spot where Union artillery halted Breckenridge's attack. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492230177928-RQOH08EHERT3OM09OX7Y/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River A monument to the Union dead who are buried in this cemetery stands at its center. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492230371692-7U0FRT1R00W95M5D5UZR/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River The oldest remaining Civil War monument stands at the former site of a battery of Union artillery, which was in part responsible for repelling the final Confederate attacks on the 31st. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492230482990-P3VRBB8I89CO0TGYSZR7/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Inside the remains of Fortress Rosecrans, one of the largest fortifications constructed during the war. The rises on the left are what remain of the walls. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2017/2/19/tools-of-war-p-51-mustang monthly 0.5 2017-02-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487557028170-KB74QQEKAAKRAS5M5RUU/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487557065711-L92QAKJ0P1R8KJL6Y06Q/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang The NA-73 prototype following the installation of its engine. Surprisingly, this aircraft still exists and is currently on display at the EAA Museum at Oshkosh, Wisconsin. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487557183354-IYYVKHIY6RD34XYGOUMF/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A P-51A, one of the first delivered to the British. Red roundels on the stars indicate this photograph was likely taken in late 1941 or early 1942, before the marking was deleted from US insignia. The camouflage pattern is British, painted at the factory by North American. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487557326161-DRI0KOFKHB8FBBHELF8U/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang This P-51A is one of the production versions ordered to British standard, evident by the four Hispano 20mm cannons which arm this aircraft, rather than the normal six .50 caliber machine guns. Some of these aircraft were retained by the USAAF. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487557572014-0JSLX17C5ZXMJF6VTJ4U/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A Merlin-engined P-51B Mustang in flight. This aircraft uses the earlier framed canopy, which was replaced by the Macolm hood, a rounded Plexiglas canopy that omitted metal frames and allowed for increased visibility. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487559243796-NVSPU11ED1CDABQPIXDX/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang Captain Don Gentile poses with his P-51B Mustang in the spring of 1944. After serving with one of the RAF's Eagle Squadrons (composed of American volunteers) and shooting down two aircraft, Gentile transferred to the USAAF, eventually flying with the 4th Fighter Group. During early 1944, while flying the Mustang, he shot down 15.5 enemy planes, making him the highest-scoring ace in 8th Air Force at the time. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487559630803-YX0AGLFE48UV4N3APDHG/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A P-51D of the 374th Fighter Squadron. Beneath the wings are 75 gallon drop tanks, which further extended the range of the Mustang. Standard practice for Mustang pilots was to drop the tanks on sighting enemy aircraft and switch to their main tanks. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487560476605-GEQCN5OO2YIP3EC71E4I/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang Chuck Yeager's second P-51D, Glamorous Glen III, in which he shot down most of his 12.5 aircraft. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487560736573-W80GUHL34SATP2296118/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A P-51D of the 357th Fighter Group. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487560803067-98LPN2YXKYO2EHSEZKYK/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang P-51D production line. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487560881326-D1WGVDN0I6K9UWI85VZJ/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang Among the operators of the P-51 was the 322nd Fighter Group, popularly known as the Red Tails or Tuskegee Airmen. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487561243747-H3ISG24IJ58I8TA33B4Q/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang When the Korean War broke out in 1950, the Mustang was the most readily available aircraft that could be sent to reinforce the US 5th Air Force and ROKAF. These P-51Ds, painted in ROKAF markings, were likely handed over by USAF units after they converted to jets. THe Mustang was the primary close air support weapon during the first year of the war. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487561406397-T4TVWBXI2R5WQ8DPL4WF/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A USAF F-51D (During the interwar period, a redesignation of fighter aircraft from "pursuit" to "fighter" occurred) taxies through a puddle in Korea. This aircraft is armed with 2 500 lbs bombs, 4 2.75 inch rockets, and six .50 caliber machine guns. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487561913856-DL9I0QIRWG20F1WFQJMQ/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A group of Mustangs at the EAA Oshkosh airshow in 2011. Well over a hundred Mustangs remain airworthy, with many more in museums and on display at airshows. Source: Author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2017/1/24/battlefield-visit-fort-donelson monthly 0.5 2017-01-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400082076-ZYJ9G363PJ0JUOCHL3MO/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson Source: Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485397320131-G7ROWWJRCR7B0HXE5BDI/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson Ulysses S. Grant, pictured here as a Lieutenant General, was just a Brigadier General at the time of his campaign against Forts Henry and Donelson, and was in overall command of the Union force in Tennessee. Source: public domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485397455974-JCAIDARH5L9YFN9CYM7S/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson Rear Admiral Andrew Foote was one of the first US naval officer to be promoted to the rank of admiral. After commanding the Western Gunboat Flotilla through much of 1862, before moving on to other commands. He died unexpectedly in the summer of 1863 while moving to his new command with the South Atlantic Blockading Squadron. Source: Public domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485397829083-H71NIPY9RO1BHQO14AC2/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson Brigadier General John B. Floyd was the US Secretary of War before the Civil War began. Despite having no prior military experience, he was commissioned a Brigadier General in the Confederate Army and eventually became the overall Southern commander at Fort Donelson. Relieved of his command following the battle, he remained an officer in Virginia's militia until his death in 1863. Source: Public domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485398110651-F8KA0WUGD5B3MDIUXASY/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson Brigadier General Simon B. Bruckner was the most experienced Southern commander at Fort Donelson, having served a number of years in the Regular Army prior to the Civil War. He would become the first Confederate general officer to surrender to the Union Army during the war. He was later returned to the South through a prisoner exchange and held a number of other commands during the remainder of the war. After the war, he entered politics, eventually becoming the Governor of Kentucky, He died in 1914. Source: Public domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485398371440-VCUNJ4QHD37YK98B3ZTV/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson Nathan Bedford Forrest, a Colonel at the time of the battle, was relatively unknown in early 1862. However, he would eventually gain fame for his raids into Union territory and be promoted to Lieutenant General. Source: Public domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485397233283-J87XYQM7MK5RHSDTTXLD/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson Foote's gunboats exchanging "iron valentines" with the Confederate batteries during the afternoon of February 14th. Source: www.nps.gov https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400347978-C4RB5T6CI51K2EWIOZ5A/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson Union soldiers approach the Confederate earthworks of Fort Donelson in this 19th Century illustration. Source: Public domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485399227122-D6NRGOZYWY4MZBZNX4FT/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson The situation at Fort Donelson on the afternoon of February 15. Source: Public domain. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485399883640-I9JG7GL99QMH329FRHG1/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson Confederate soldiers attempt to break out of their encirclement on February 15th. Initially successful, the attack was called to a halt in mid-afternoon, then was countered by Union forces later in the day. Source: www.nps.gov https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400259580-VWCAHHDT9M2196E6XQOZ/Cover+Photo+2.jpg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson The lower battery as seen today. Source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400480847-UN2JZC91QYUJ4B2F8Q31/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson A side-angle shot of the lower battery, demonstrating the elevation of the guns above the Cumberland River. Source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400533329-9ML6NT1F3T9QKH4TJZ17/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson The row of guns consisting of the lower battery, each with its own revetment. Source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400583850-J5LYX95ZRFGRUWDAR6PF/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson The ammunition bunker for the lower battery, situated to the rear of that position, still exists but is not available for public access. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400648562-YLVIXREPZU450D8YN26A/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson The upper battery. Source: Author https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400686551-FN7EV6JYYPLJSMY6CHJT/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson A number of artillery pieces are positioned around the fort, indicating the former positions of the outer earthworks. Source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400729908-EFYP7I0GQIJOXZPPRS8O/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson One of the only structures inside the fort today is a replica of the kind of cabins that Confederate soldiers would have lived in during the winter of 1861-1862. Source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400806020-EZT64XWEQR6MC70SZJYM/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson Outside of the actual location of the fortress, the former trench positions remain preserved, albeit somewhat eroded. Source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400864812-WEL2LAULZ8KFI0JRHDC3/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson This fence and slight hill were the former positions of Brig. Gen. Simon Bruckner's defensive positions. Source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485400938332-B59I7QNYTK2MT8F3U9VX/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson The Confederate Soldiers Memorial, erected in 1933 by the Daughters of the Confederacy. Source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485401038092-QRXPNUX5AOSMCYDD6YPB/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson The Fort Donelson National Cemetery, where over 600 Union dead are buried. Source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485401090208-GAL6MBOL94A991IFDPH4/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson The Cemetery keeper's house, situated in the middle of the cemetery. Source: Author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485401138571-OFRPB3DJJ9NOP281A7GU/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson The Dover Hotel, site of the signing of the surrender for Fort Donelson. Source: Author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2016/11/23/film-review-hacksaw-ridge monthly 0.5 2016-11-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479918543981-XGJSVLCHQNAW6IBZ2PFE/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479918624847-ERD1U8N3NXY3WL0QQTJN/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge The landing zones of the Tenth Army and Marine forces during the invasion of Okinawa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479918776276-8T7CL7G4BYMZO5XJ8AHA/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge The American movements during the Battle of Okinawa from April 1-June 23, 1945 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479919253166-8I6A5754V3N8AKSX3YRM/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge Several Marines carefully watch a Okinawan civilian surrendering. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479919336314-1NPV7LVZBMC1TBX13G64/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge An F4U Corsair drops napalm on a Japanese position while operating in close air support of Marine forces on the ground. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479919414347-RZCO5EU2MD7TDCQE20XO/800px-Marine-observation-plane-okinawa.gif Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge A Stinson L-5 light observation plane flies over the ruins of Naha, the largest city on Okinawa. Aircraft such as these operated as airborne artillery spotters. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479919035709-TRS9930GQKV3P6AMW1GE/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge The Yamato's magazines explode due to internal fires- she sank with the majority of her crew. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479919516166-ETDAQRYMVJTRM0ESZLOF/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge Desmond Doss following the end of the war. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479919596198-Z1GBB1KDZ8H2YV2EK6O4/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge Doss stands at the top of Maeda Escarpment after placing cargo nets on the side of the cliff- Doss was one of the volunteers who carried the net to the top. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479919780707-QJECPAYQTKJLMNAOFAFU/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge Members of the 77th Infantry Division during a rainstorm on Okinawa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479919875265-D57JEHG9M56C12YU98VW/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge President Harry Truman awards Doss the Medal of Honor on October 12, 1945. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479919987827-BFQPV2TZPK4TB8AW0JSC/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge James Garfield stars as Desmond Doss. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2016/10/29/tools-of-war-f-4-phantom monthly 0.5 2016-10-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477796571861-C385C17NGQ3FNVBD576H/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477796604932-6GQYIRO6R6HE28NX09BZ/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom An F4H-1 during carrier trials. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477796651755-5TQV2M2A4WX9K48OUTNM/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom An F-4 is hit by a SA-2 SAM over Vietnam. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477797026198-RMRKRA4PE7NJCMBVKBDK/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom An F-4 Phantom loaded with fuel tanks and four Sparrow missiles patrols the skies above Vietnam. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477797142919-WCOSSHV6P4QDTBCKN2T0/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom Two F-4G Wild Weasels fly in formation during the 1980s. Phantoms like these eliminated Iraqi radar systems early in the Gulf War conflict, allowing other aircraft to carry out follow on strike missions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477796750304-2N2JOHC62X42QLY41QMB/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom A QF-4 Phantom in the early 1980s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477796812015-J2AJ03HIKVEWMTD49G8W/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom A QF-4 Phantom is expended via air-to-air missile during a test. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477796997096-46L2JFR1E193RYMR2YOH/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom Israeli F-4 Phantoms in formation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477797267625-VVPB7P2OF5Y9PYXXAQJT/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom An IRIAF Phantom prepares to land. Though many purges occurred following the revolution in Iran, Iran has successfully maintained its fleet of Phantoms for several decades. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2016/10/4/film-review-anthropoid monthly 0.5 2016-10-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475628957375-O6SEPWVGUG736G8UI6FK/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Film Review: Anthropoid https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475629279205-XTZZYA4ONPCR256JFLY2/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Anthropoid Reinhard Heydrich was one of the highest-ranking officials in the Nazi Hierarchy. Responsible in part for the creation the Final Solution (the extermination of Jews in concentration camps), Heydrich arrived in Prague in September 1941 as Deputy Reich Protector of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. One of the most feared and hated of the Nazis, he would be the highest-ranking member of the regime to be killed. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475628985214-IQK0305QT8EELH30XJNQ/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Anthropoid The remnants of Heydrich's car following the assassination. The damage caused by the grenade blast is evident- pieces of the car as well as grenade shrapnel were propelled into the interior and into Heydrich. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475629085765-Q3XNQKERO62UQH1IHDUB/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Anthropoid Cillian Murphy, on the left, and Jamie Dornan, on the right, played Czech soldiers Josef Gabcik and Jan Kubis respectively. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475629181443-18JJU0193H1DRSNIBHFD/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Anthropoid Josef Gabcik, pictured prior to jumping into occupied Czechoslovakia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475629229821-7TMHZ7Z7U4T7RAHLVA4V/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Anthropoid Jan Kubis, also pictured before jumping into occupied Czechoslovakia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475629630863-QD4VOVSF38EFKZ9Y8IBH/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Anthropoid The Germans used equipment from the Prague fire department to pump tear gas into the church's crypt in an attempt to force the last group of Czechs out. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475629855964-CVLQAM28XI3JEU2DY8FT/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Anthropoid The aftermath of the reprisal killings in the village of Lidice, near Prague. The entire village was killed or deported, and all structures razed to the ground. (image source: Getty Images) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475629709511-E86J97DMEV9AR8NSUFQX/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Film Review: Anthropoid The exterior of the church as it appears today. Still pockmarked with bullet holes, a memorial is in place on the exterior of the church as a reminder of the last stand of the assassins. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2016/6/22/tools-of-war-the-il-2-shturmovik monthly 0.5 2016-06-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466598611301-ZMG20UF8D8MO2D8C3F6J/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466598652087-DSJ43C6N4VMZFYJPUKN0/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik The Sukhoi Su-6, competitor to the Il-2. The initial version had superior performance to the Ilyushin design, but problems with development and production of the M-71 engine meant that the Il-2 went into production instead of the Su-6. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466598827939-XM183GWH9XF3JQQGBPEY/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik The original Il-2 was a single-seat design that had omitted the rear-gunner position in order to save weight- ultimately this would cost the lives of many pilots. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466599012306-KA5DNMODWMBH6KO1U1KF/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A single-seater Il-2, painted in whitewash to blend into the snow-covered landscape. This aircraft has been equipped with skis to make it more suitable to the crude runways that would have been coated in ice and snow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466599222123-ZNZD00EIRQZ3JMYIQ04Z/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik The redesigned Shturmovik, designated as the Il-2M3. The most notable improvement was the addition of a rear gunner. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466599435084-Z7BPXJUAGER5XTUZYP48/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik The rear gunner's position- the 12.7mm gun offered an increased chance of survival for the Il-2, though many gunners were killed in their relatively exposed position. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466601693342-VS758HX5W7UNAI2USJMT/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A group of Il-2 pilots discuss the results of a mission after landing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466599811703-T2GFBMR7IDU2YF395I7W/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A group of Il-2M3s lined up at an airfield. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466599891525-L0DHL0FKD70IETEIKJIC/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A group of Il-2M3 pilots prepare for a mission. The shrouds over the engine are intended to keep the engines warm during the extreme temperatures of the Russian winter. Without the shrouds, the engines would seize and refuse to start. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466601389423-08A703V5DJE0TUUOIAK3/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A group of Il-2M3s fly low above a devastated city. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466600462363-HHDD135M3RB6J0FV3AUN/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A group of Il-2s make a diving attack with their 23mm cannon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466600609437-RIVVWS7MTMCQT75BJ1IV/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A pilot poses with his damaged Il-2 following a mission. In this instance, flak has damaged the elevator. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466600700195-2P0T0X88HFQ0BCHG6IEG/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik This Il-2M3 has made a wheels-up landing following severe flak damage to the vertical stabilizer. Note the crude whitewash pattern applied over the aircraft's camoflauge. Whitewash was generally applied in the field with whatever materials were on hand- it frequently wore off after a few weeks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466601020931-AFDU0VQJ3TK7HQDAJJ0G/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik An in-flight picture taken during a Shturmovik attack on German vehicles- the arrow indicates an attacking Il-2 ahead of the camera aircraft. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466601133133-1IEMTK60MI7DTUNU4CUI/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik Another in-flight picture taken during a Shturmovik attack, this time the target of the attack appears to be a German motor pool or headquarters. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466601239020-LBL83ACE3G96OGVUQXKI/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A North Korean Air Force Il-10 sits in the ruins of a destroyed hangar at Kimpo airfield. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2016/4/8/battlefield-visit-osan monthly 0.5 2016-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460126104235-PHRK6MFDP3C2PLS3NEJA/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Osan Elements of TF Smith arrive at Taejon on July 2nd. Source: www.nj.gov https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460126377323-4NX2FTJECY84MPO0IMKP/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Osan TF Smith's positions and the North Korean advance. Source: www.koreanwar.net https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460126485038-M7KEYNDXVF7IQ9UH7OU2/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Osan A Bazooka team in action against North Korean armor. The 2.36" bazooka, ineffective during World War II against German armor, was found to be equally ineffective against the Soviet-built T-34 with its sloped armor. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460126867741-CITA36MJ7J4BY8QL5WO1/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Osan A pair of T-34/85s knocked out after the Battle of Osan. Arguably the greatest tank design of World War II, the T-34/85 was simple, featured sloping armor providing adequate protection, and an 85mm main gun that was very effective against other tanks. Source: Life Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460127121607-OCU0MYBZYRFC8V2S48HX/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Osan TF Smith's position as it looked at the time of the Korean War. Source: www.koreanwar.net https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460127307276-7F8DQ1EMAAT143F5CYSL/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Osan The Osan-Suwon road, which runs through the middle of the position that TF Smith occupied on July 5, 1950, as it appears today. The terrain has drastically changed from vast farmlands to a built-up urban area. Source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460127426540-J1Y4W6TIGE5WHMU8NGOQ/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Osan The originally monument to TF Smith built in 1959 by the 24th Infantry Division. This monument is situated on the crest of the western-most hill, where one rifle platoon was emplaced during the battle. Source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460127541008-C0KE9KW9PUXAGAEEEV57/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Osan The current monument to the Battle of Osan, unveiled in 1982 by the South Korean government. This monument is on the opposite side of the road of the original monument, at the base of the hill where most of TF Smith was dug in. Source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460127679916-RRO35YV71T8JXBSFHKTK/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Battlefield Visit: Osan The Battle of Osan Memorial Hall, a $33M project which opened in 2013 and is located adjacent to the newer monument. Source: author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2016/2/22/tools-of-war-the-fubuki-class-destroyer monthly 0.5 2016-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456143587336-VC6C2DR3S1N8P6MJBUDT/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer Fubuki, lead ship of her class. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456142268003-JENA46DISN7E3RD4Z9NU/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer A US Navy Office of Naval Intelligence profile of the Fubuki-class. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456142056982-ESS22BFAJ0Y0C557JTV9/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer Sources: 1) Fubuki-class Destroyer." Combinedfleet.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2016., 2) Arthur, Andrew, and Bruce T. Swain. ""A" Class Destroyers." Royal Navy Ships of World War 2. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2016. 3)Budge, Kent G. "Clemson Class, U.S. Destroyers." The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia:. N.p., 2007. Web. 22 Feb. 2016. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456142435574-A2VB5KP3JXIL2OLB3KAR/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer The USS Clemson (DD-186) was the lead ship of its class https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456142898198-6HKK86PUPXMUQWPEGKX5/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer The HMS Achates, an A-class destroyer. Source: Imperial War Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456143029844-3H6GFYLB29FV40MHSU15/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer The Yugiri, showing the potent armament and speed of the Fubuki-class. Source: Kure Maritime Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456143242296-SHE3Q39MYSWCMTTTLIZS/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer The Amagiri, the destroyer which was responsible for sinking future-President John F. Kennedy's PT-Boat. Amagiri was herself sunk the following year when she struck a mine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456143382127-3WPVONGXTHO3OWGNCOHY/1280px-Shikinami_II_1929.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer The Shikinami survived numerous battles early in the Pacific War only to be sunk by an American submarine, the USS Growler, in 1944. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2016/2/14/greenlands-war monthly 0.5 2016-02-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455507311341-DSTI779U82L3YWT8HNNR/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War One of Greenland's USAAF bases not long after construction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455509285020-5024DSDCKPPPMMJNIJYT/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War Members of the Sled Patrol examine captured parachute equipment at the site of an abandoned German weather station. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455509390112-OY4JYOTJ2LOOTZHIZ5J0/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War A US shore party prepares to search a section of coastline for German weather stations. Source: The National World War II Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455508389992-3CEGOX3XHY9AF8UGWF9G/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War The USCGC Northland (WPG-49), an arctic cutter originally designed as a cruising cutter, meaning that she was equipped with sails. Originally commissioned on May 7, 1927, she served in a variety of roles until she was decommissioned for the first time in 1938. Recommissioned the following year, she saw extensive service in the arctic circle during World War II. During this time, she was armed with 2 x 3 in./50 guns, 4 x 20mm AA autocannons, 2 x depth charge racks, and 2 x Y-Guns for antisubmarine operations. She was also equipped with a scout plane, a Grumman J2F-5. Her complement was 108 enlisted men and 18 officers. She was decommissioned from the Coast Guard in early 1946 and transferred to the Israeli Navy, where she served until 1961. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455508722198-KMOP3DDSUT23YPKSRPMV/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War Another view of the USCGC Northland. Source: The National World War II Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455509042887-4OYRB3WHNM76WXJOHV36/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War Coast Guard Grumman J2F scout planes search for German activity off the east coast of Greenland. Source: The National World War II Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455509564547-KHMFLHDE1T64UKBK6LJ0/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War The Northland's replacement was the USCGC Eastwind (WAGB-279), a Wind-class icebreaker. Commissioned on July 15, 1944, she was much more formidable than the Northland. She was armed with 4 x 5in guns in dual turrets, 3 x quad-mounted 40mm Bofors AA guns, 6 x Oerlikon 20mm autocannons, and 6 x K-Guns and a Hedgehog projector for anti-submarine action. She also carried her own scout plane. She remained in service after the war and was finally decommissioned in 1968 and was scrapped sometime in the 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455509832379-9SHWS472SPF0EIGQUT4B/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War Another view of the USCGC Eastwind in her wartime configuration. Source: US Coast Guard. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455509889123-TQDI2WDMQLVBBCQ6PJV1/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War Members of the last German weather station in Greenland surrender to US troops on October 4, 1944. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455509947535-BB3UHM71VVGINOT9P2TQ/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War The trawler Externsteine, trapped in ice. After her capture, she was made a prize ship and rechristened USCGC Eastbreeze. She was turned over to the US Navy and renamed the USS Callao (IX-205) in January 1945. She was decommissioned in 1950 and scrapped. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455510144359-2QRUELD4IBSY6F5GZAR7/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War Members of the Coast Guard raise the flag aboard the Externsteine on October 16, 1944. Source: US Coast Guard. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455510206753-C6QONWOZBB315H6GKVZW/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Greenland's War German prisoners being transported to a POW camp in the US. Source: US Coast GUard https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2016/1/18/tools-of-war-the-sr-71-blackbird monthly 0.5 2016-01-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453044982488-N0PAB047GF7CJGQLK778/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird The Lockheed A-12 in flight. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045028601-LH2DIX60DLK6G2M6U7ID/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird The Lockheed A-12 undergoing flight testing at Groom Lake, also known as Area 51. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045081062-FP7BTOJI2XZBP4OHJHKC/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird A later development of the A-12 was the M-12, which was modified to carry the M-21 drone, an early drone designed to gather photographic intelligence. Two aircraft were produced and numerous flights were made before a collision between a drone and mothership resulted in the crash of both and the death of one crewmen. The program was cancelled in 1966. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045238993-1KC473URAI6Q1D8C7U3Y/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird A F-12, an interceptor variant of the A-12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045392315-R71BI6H4OAF03W2HSMBN/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird The SR-71 production line at Lockheed's Skunk Works factory. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045333424-X50B0G84CFRPODK187L7/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird An SR-71A. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045462730-NGSZQ94WUBNUEWRPUXMB/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird While the official name for the SR-71 was the Blackbird, pilots and crew members frequently referred to the SR-71 as the Habu, a venomous snake found in Japan. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045553677-5BVP4G9DE6D0L15B9S3J/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird To survive the harsh high-altitude environment, Blackbird crews wore pressure suits, which required much more preparation time before flight. Additionally, the cockpit was pressurized and air conditioned to prevent the 500+ degree temperatures caused by the friction of the aircraft moving through air from cooking the crew. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2015/12/20/review-the-man-in-the-high-castle monthly 0.5 2015-12-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1450608454931-FXKAZC4V86D1RKYCHITK/The_Man_in_the_High_Castle_%28TV_title%29.png Featured Articles - Review: The Man in the High Castle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1450608058963-T3WBUDACZ0KPKL30J9HB/image-asset.png Featured Articles - Review: The Man in the High Castle The United States as it exists in The Man in the High Castle. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1450608141470-LF620UNB6TRKRAJZ2ANG/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Review: The Man in the High Castle The novel "The Man in the High Castle", originally published in 1962 and written by Phillip K. Dick. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1450608344676-29NQQHDWFZIFBT0C5X74/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Review: The Man in the High Castle Times Square under occupation by the Nazis. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2015/10/23/xr2fm5a8s9meybrbqjy3niye9k08vt monthly 0.5 2015-10-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1445599017942-KUW37EKQVG9HTDUL4LGV/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Sailors of the USS Indiana Ozen Carrier https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1445599109426-IP48Z7H6IPX3J7YE6V4Z/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Sailors of the USS Indiana Paul Manegold https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1445599157804-XF9KCT98HYGEGA1M898I/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Sailors of the USS Indiana Charles Morgan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1445599219987-ZV980G8XDJLDRUYL2BTN/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Sailors of the USS Indiana Samuel Amao https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2015/10/11/tools-of-war-battleship-uss-indiana-bb-58 monthly 0.5 2015-10-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1444567765065-BPZUEFLR9OXQ6UINZW23/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship USS Indiana (BB-58) The Indiana in November 1942, not long after reaching the Pacific. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1444567923015-TQSEUARZTFIWTFRGE2SY/USS_Indiana_%28BB-58%29.jpg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship USS Indiana (BB-58) The USS Indiana in the spring of 1944, after repairs from her collision with Washington. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1444568200235-B24U8JUT85PI2KH84W9F/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: Battleship USS Indiana (BB-58) Indiana bombards Kamaishi, Japan, 400km to the north of Tokyo on July 14, 1945. This was the first naval bombardment of the Japanese Home Islands during the war. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2015/9/7/the-israeli-air-force-operation-moked monthly 0.5 2015-09-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1441618024214-LQMUM1HPM17OK31WIZLT/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - The Israeli Air Force & Operation Moked The Dassault Mirage IIICJ (which was the Israeli-export version) was a French-built delta-wing fighter capable of traveling at speeds exceeding Mach 2. The aircraft was used by the IAF for both ground attack and aerial dogfighting, a task at which it excelled. So successful was the design that it eventually was developed into three other aircraft by Dassault. Photo credit: http://www.oocities.org/capecanaveral/hangar/2848/mirage.htm https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1441618423542-FR9CBGGJ91UT7JFP671S/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - The Israeli Air Force & Operation Moked Taken from a low-flying IAF Mirage (whose shadow is visible at the bottom of the picture), three MiG-21s lie destroyed in front of a hangar at Inchas airfield. Photo credit: http://www.oocities.org/capecanaveral/hangar/2848/opera6_2.htm https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2015/9/5/update monthly 0.5 2015-09-05 https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2015/1/22/tools-of-war-the-northrop-p-61-black-widow monthly 0.5 2015-01-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421988754355-8ZPYAAYR7XAS2934P2FD/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Northrop P-61 Black Widow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421988887936-M912SGPSW85VMIXXVR9G/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Northrop P-61 Black Widow A P-61 stationed in England. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421988939413-QS1PK61YE0R5WOKISWWG/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Northrop P-61 Black Widow A Black Widow stationed in the Pacific. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421989234129-CUMCN4OKSHWYNOO6JSUK/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Tools of War: The Northrop P-61 Black Widow The Mid-Atlantic Air Museum's P-61, which is currently being restored to flight status. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2015/1/20/usaaf-tactical-airpower-in-world-war-ii-part-ii monthly 0.5 2015-01-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421813750725-WG1K2IO1PXJVWQEXHDLR/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - USAAF Tactical Airpower Over Normandy Part II General Otto Weyland, commander of the XIX Tactical Air Command during World War II, and later commander of the Far East Asia Air Forces during the Korean War and commander of the Tactical Air Command during the post war years. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421813607002-CNRNL0UY1GMHOCQJS1XJ/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - USAAF Tactical Airpower Over Normandy Part II Destroyed and abandoned German armor and motor transport litter a road in the region of Falaise. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2015/1/16/usaaf-tactical-airpower-over-normandy monthly 0.5 2015-01-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421468286440-G4RL05V357TBUKGK86XY/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - USAAF Tactical Airpower Over Normandy The Republic P-47, the workhorse of American aircraft in the tactical support role. The single heaviest aircraft of the war (at 10,000 lbs empty), the P-47 proved itself to be extremely capable of ground support. It was armed with eight .50 caliber machine guns and could carry 10 5 inch rockets and up to 2,500 lbs. of bombs, almost half the load of a B-17 heavy bomber. What was more, it was capable of absorbing incredible amounts of punishment, which meant that it could make repeated attacks on well-protected targets even in the face of heavy flak. Pictured here are P-47Cs flying in formation in 1942. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421467924667-B56MAJ5DZFTPDQAQTH0B/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - USAAF Tactical Airpower Over Normandy Lt. Gen. Elwood 'Pete' Quesada, commander of the IX Tactical Air Command during the war. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2015/1/6/the-us-navy-the-war-of-1812-part-ii monthly 0.5 2015-01-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420563932580-MRW55C1WPYTFSRDMUAQO/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - The U.S. Navy & the War of 1812 Part II The United States' victory at the Battle of Plattsburgh put an end to British-Canadian invasions of the northern U.S. and gave the country a stronger negotiating position at the Treaty of Ghent, which was signed on December 24, 1814, ending the war. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2015/1/4/the-war-of-1812-the-us-navy monthly 0.5 2015-01-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420401907499-Z8RNQBCI6C7P07N464DC/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - The War of 1812 & the U.S. Navy USS Constitution engaging and defeating the frigate HMS Guerriere on August 19, 1812. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420402232233-EPWJCSM3SX3LBWDHFFO6/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - The War of 1812 & the U.S. Navy HMS Shannon escorts the captured USS Chesapeake into Halifax, June 1813. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2014/12/30/the-winter-war monthly 0.5 2014-12-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1419919701534-55S97IV01OFBAKA6YUTK/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - The Winter War Finnish ski troops take cover in Northern Finland, January 1940. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1419919794003-X31DVLYNTUKK29BN0UBZ/image-asset.png Featured Articles - The Winter War Much of the Soviet armor was made up of light tanks, such as this T-26, which were vulnerable to light anti-tank guns and satchel charges used by the Finns. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2014/12/13/submarines-in-the-pacific-war-part-ii monthly 0.5 2014-12-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1418528985133-G5JJ6UCIKITEMREH8HLK/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Submarines in the Pacific War Part II https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2014/12/10/submarines-in-the-pacific-war-part-i monthly 0.5 2014-12-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1418274818285-65VA2BGIYQC927YNLG76/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Submarines in the Pacific War Part I https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1418275003205-7P6ZJ9YMIFU7EDMBMSW2/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Submarines in the Pacific War Part I https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2014/11/27/military-ballooning-in-the-american-civil-war-part-ii monthly 0.5 2014-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1417068366005-P6ZNKA20PYWNXBTSVT2W/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Military Ballooning in the American Civil War Part II Lowe's balloon Intrepid https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1417068542647-JFF9ZKFD0361F7BDN68A/Thaddeus_S._C._Lowe_-_Brady-Handy.jpg Featured Articles - Military Ballooning in the American Civil War Part II Thaddeus Lowe ca. 1865 https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2014/11/21/fury-review monthly 0.5 2014-11-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1416632706126-633WZEY3FRUOHVMIZ1B2/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Fury Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1416632966944-QRBGJF3PEWBN9JW9CI11/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Fury Review https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1416633054159-EN8V0WIT9HCZA397ZTZK/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Fury Review https://military-historian.squarespace.com/blog/2014/11/20/military-ballooning-in-the-american-civil-war monthly 0.5 2014-11-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1416628602888-HKJJAKSYNDDIS0JNTFSJ/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Military Ballooning in the American Civil War https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1417068962201-BQ4QD84AULMB9CRKYBI8/image-asset.jpeg Featured Articles - Military Ballooning in the American Civil War https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1 daily 0.75 2017-11-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420399263181-2PI9WBD2KSI2K1C7X37U/1024px-Abrams_in_formation.jpg Archive https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2017/11/13/tools-of-war-uss-lst-325 monthly 0.5 2017-11-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510564391170-BBVSCTTQ8Y6RKLHUISGC/20170909_182326.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 visits Clarksville, Tennessee in September 2017. Photo source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510565704012-2E37DBJP1GZJJKP19YSR/Navsource_02.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 landing vehicles in Italy. Photo source: Navsource.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510565756473-SYGBP64JQ3AUSS0T8O2R/lst+memorial+-+3+brodie+gear.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 A side view of USS LST-325 equipped with a Brodie system. This photo was likely taken in 1945 near the end of the war. Photo source: lstmemorial.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510565833484-0OLYNP1A30DQK507ECIK/LST_Aircraft_Carrier-wiki.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 A view from the deck of an LST converted for use as an "aircraft carrier." The aircraft in this picture are Piper L-4 observation aircraft, frequently used for artillery spotting. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510565954124-MZDKHGUESJXD4D15AZWU/LST_Invasion_of_Normandy-wiki.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 One of the most iconic images of the war, this photograph shows numerous LSTs offloading men and vehicles at the beaches of Normandy not long after D-Day. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510565501413-9GY2I9CDPBUJLTOBVDLU/Navsource_03.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 beached at Slapton Sands in January 1944 during one of the exercises rehearsing the invasion of Normandy. Photo source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510565603098-FRXOPUGZLM6WU44PLAW6/Navsource_05.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 beached off the coast of Normandy at low tide on June 12, 1944. Photo source: Navsource.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510565399384-5AZT4G8DCJMPRODB8CRH/lstmemorial-+2+Stan+Barish+German+POW.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 German prisoners debarking USS LST-325 in England following the invasion of Normandy. Photo source: Navsource.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510565206604-MOAPBV1U2MLL77P5CE4P/Navsource_08.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 in 1964, not long before she was transferred to the Greek Navy. Photo source: Navsource.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510565284192-L2UWU4XA7P4G0KKBDOZB/Navsource_09.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 in service with the Greek Navy. Photo source: Navsource.org. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510564493787-JMXBTFAC46W47I0SISTY/20170429_140455.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 USS LST-325 moored at its home port in Evansville, Indiana in April 2017. Photo source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510564587876-C4OHX8DZ5UQ9BO735XN4/20170429_142050.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 The tank deck of the USS LST-325 looking aft from the bow. Much of the tank deck is currently used as exhibit space. Photo source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510564688025-2JJIXBIGI60LC96GDWWW/20170429_143510.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 Another view of the tank deck, closer towards the aft of the ship. Photo source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510564759941-TLFE23VG4J2RQB8W8U6B/20170429_141739.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 One of the troop berthing areas located in the sides of the ship. A standard LST was capable of transporting over 100 combat-loaded troops in addition to tanks and vehicles. Photo source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510564872972-LLBX42BM7J84ISMBCMW0/20170429_150317.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 One of the hallways in the officer cabin area. These cabins are located in the superstructure of the ship. Photo source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510564965000-V88MRXR0LCTMFKYXI287/20170429_145954.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 The interior of the original bridge. Today, the USS LST-325 has a modern bridge mounted on top of the superstructure to meet current requirements for operation. Photo source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510565095273-6FF8K9SIFJOKH177ZZ1M/20170429_150730.jpg Archive - Tools of War: USS LST-325 The superstructure of the LST as viewed from the deck. Photo source: author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2017/11/12/film-review-dunkirk monthly 0.5 2017-11-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510539297920-IX9RYVBE9NSHU9GIP96U/Dunkirk_Film_poster+wikipedia.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510539340954-1AX6WY7X7GOHIXPS5ZGZ/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk LORD FIELD MARSHAL JOHN GORT'S OFFICIAL PORTRAIT. DESPITE GORT'S DIFFICULT SITUATION AS COMMANDER OF THE BEF, HE WOULD COME UNDER HEAVY CRITICISM AS HAVING PERCEIVED TO HAVE ABANDONED THE FRENCH. GORT WOULD LATER SERVE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AS GOVERNOR OF GIBRALTAR, AS THE GOVERNOR OF MALTA, AND LASTLY IN THE POSITION OF HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR PALESTINE AND TRANSJORDAN. PHOTO: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510539379791-ISR4H9WCRQ95RM2QFE6J/Bundesarchiv_Bild_183-L08129%2C_Gerd_v._Rundstedt.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk GENERAL GERD VON RUNDSTEDT, COMMANDER OF GERMAN ARMY GROUP A, WHICH SUCCESSFULLY BROKE THROUGH FRENCH DEFENSES AND SWEPT INTO FRANCE. RUNDSTEDT HAD RETIRED IN 1938 ONLY TO BE RECALLED TO ACTIVE SERVICE WHEN GERMANY INVADED POLAND. RUNDSTEDT WOULD BE SUBSEQUENTLY BE DISMISSED IN LATE 1941, THE SUMMER OF 1944, AND MARCH 1945- BY HITLER EACH TIME. AN EXCELLENT COMMANDER, HE WAS RECALLED TO SERVICE SEVERAL TIMES TO SALVAGE DEFENSIVE SITUATIONS. PHOTO SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510539426530-OUB69C2ILJ1DA0ZAF5YP/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk The campaign in France from 21 May to 31 May, ending with the encirclement of the BEF and elements of the French and Belgian armies at Dunkirk. Source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510539510447-HUNIUP3YGGXRTKX3PQ89/Operation_Overlord_%28the_Normandy_Landings%29-_D-day_6_June_1944-_Personalities_A23443.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk VICE ADMIRAL SIR BERTRAM RAMSEY, IN OVERALL COMMAND OF THE EVACUATION OF THE BEF FROM DUNKIRK. WORKING ALMOST CONSTANTLY IN DOVER CASTLE, RAMSEY'S DEDICATION AND ULTIMATE SUCCESS IN ORCHESTRATING THE OPERATION EARNED HIM A VISIT WITH KING GEORGE VI AS WELL AS THE TITLE OF KNIGHT COMMANDER OF THE ORDER OF THE BATH. PHOTO: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510539551994-MEZJP4LWSREQYGEHUDMI/Vice_Admiral_Tennant_1945_IWM_A_29072.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk As the senior Royal Navy officer on the ground, at-that-time Captain William Tennant (later Admiral Sir William Tennant) was in charge of overseeing evacuation efforts at Dunkirk. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510539657183-OVMF9VQBRU311FWV9GY0/warfare+history+network+04.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk Among the most famous images captured during the evacuation of Dunkirk was this: the image of thousands of British troops waiting on the sands of the French coast in the hopes of being evacuated. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510540271150-DCL5FYY6OMDZTTIQ50Y2/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk Amidst the seemingly endless Luftwaffe attacks, BEF soldiers take aim at attacking bombers with their rifles. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510540363120-XT485Y0SBOYH79QEOIVI/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk The Mona Queen, a liner from the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company, sinks after striking a mine on 29 May. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510540447510-X4ZRU57B0V8NYJNWW3A3/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk The French destroyer Bourrasque sinks after striking a mine on 30 May after having taken on a load of soldiers, who are now seen jumping overboard. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510540559378-NNCJYGAXGIGTT1A4G5TO/warfare+history+network+03.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk British soldiers board a destroyer at the mole at Dunkirk. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510540654093-H9WKB7OHGB1LSBX0BWI4/Troops_evacuated_from_Dunkirk_on_a_destroyer_about_to_berth_at_Dover%2C_31_May_1940._H1637.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk British soldiers crowded aboard a destroyer following evacuation prepare to dock at Dover on 31 May. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510540730579-GHXJVD5VMLH94H232KSC/The_Evacuation_From_Dunkirk%2C_May_-_June_1940_H1647.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk British soldiers, having just arrived at Dover exhausted from their ordeal in France, await a train to take them North. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510540805199-PPIAFKYR0L3UJWWZ3PX0/warfare+history+network+05.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk Not all soldiers were successfully evacuated from Dunkirk. Some 40,000 French soldiers, left behind as a rearguard to hold off the Germans, were captured when the Wehrmacht finally overran the port. Photo source: Warfare History Network. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510540907914-KF1BBP3Y0L7GCB2FY2Q7/1024px-Supermarine_Spitfire_Vb_%E2%80%98R9649_-_LC%E2%80%99_%28G-CISV_-_EP122%29_%2835522161724%29.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk Nolan wanted to use as much period-correct vehicles as possible to lend historical accuracy to the film. Pictured is one of several Supermarine Spitfires used in the film. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510540991230-5S6RTDB6UJ62BMNAQZ1Z/800px-Hispano_HA.1112M1L_Buchon_%27Black_2%27_%28G-AWHK%29_%2836053481566%29.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk Though there are a number of Me-109s that remain airworthy, none are the correct version that would have been flying in 1940. As a result, Nolan used a Hispano Ha 1112 "Buchon" as a substitute. This aircraft is a post-war design based on the airframe of the Me-109 paired with the engine of the Spitfire. Buchons have been used as Me-109 stand-ins in film before, most notably in the 1968 film "Battle of Britain." Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510541201739-UXQZVRYGYHV6IIPZ04ND/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk The retired French destroyer Maille-Breze, built in the 1950s, was used as a substitute for British destroyers in the film. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510541284649-GOWAIRPYP61T1Y9A3NMW/MLV_Castor_-_Port_of_Rotterdam.jpg Archive - Film Review: Dunkirk The MLV Castor was one of several ships used to portray a number of minesweepers in the film. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2017/11/12/tools-of-war-the-battleship-mikasa monthly 0.5 2017-11-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510537488568-PVNUMDLMJRYO1DDYB9UH/b73.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa MARSHAL-ADMIRAL THE MARQUIS TOGO HEIHACHIRO. BORN ON JANUARY 27, 1848, IN KAGOSHIMA PREFECTURE, TOGO WAS A MEMBER OF THE JAPANESE NAVY FROM THE AGE OF 15. HE SPENT MUCH OF THE 1870S STUDYING IN ENGLAND, RETURNING TO JAPAN IN 1878. GIVEN VARIOUS COMMANDS AND SEEING COMBAT IN THE SINO-JAPANESE WAR OF 1894-1895, TOGO WAS MADE COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE COMBINED FLEET IN 1903. HE HELD THIS COMMAND THROUGH THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, AND WAS ULTIMATELY MADE MARSHAL-ADMIRAL, EQUIVALENT IN RANK TO THE US NAVY'S FLEET ADMIRAL. HE DIED ON MAY 30, 1934 AT AGE 86. PHOTO: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510537527438-2B50LYG36FHW5MCXZ459/1024px-Japanese_battleship_Mikasa.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510537551080-2UWJYCHDFJE8UJU78R6P/Togo_Heihachiro%2C1907.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa MARSHAL-ADMIRAL THE MARQUIS TOGO HEIHACHIRO. BORN ON JANUARY 27, 1848, IN KAGOSHIMA PREFECTURE, TOGO WAS A MEMBER OF THE JAPANESE NAVY FROM THE AGE OF 15. HE SPENT MUCH OF THE 1870S STUDYING IN ENGLAND, RETURNING TO JAPAN IN 1878. GIVEN VARIOUS COMMANDS AND SEEING COMBAT IN THE SINO-JAPANESE WAR OF 1894-1895, TOGO WAS MADE COMMANDER IN CHIEF OF THE COMBINED FLEET IN 1903. HE HELD THIS COMMAND THROUGH THE RUSSO-JAPANESE WAR, AND WAS ULTIMATELY MADE MARSHAL-ADMIRAL, EQUIVALENT IN RANK TO THE US NAVY'S FLEET ADMIRAL. HE DIED ON MAY 30, 1934 AT AGE 86. PHOTO: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510537634878-WOEMAYWZ1MY27JAP7GUP/battleoftheyellowsea-a.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa Japanese warships exchange fire with the Russian fleet during the Battle of the Yellow Sea. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510537697366-F9TJ5NUSQ65GJVDDEKYY/mikasa_after_battle_02.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa Mikasa's after turret, damaged in the Battle of the Yellow Sea. Photo source: National Institute for Defense Studies, Ministry of Defense. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510537778369-SKF3CM03HIH0YZFOUFGZ/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa THE COMMANDER OF THE RUSSIAN FLEET AT THE BATTLE OF TSUSHIMA, ADMIRAL ZINOVY ROZHESTVENSKY. BORN ON NOVEMBER 11, 1848 IN ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA, ROZHESTVENSKY ALSO JOINED THE NAVY AT AN EARLY AGE. HE SAW ACTION DURING THE RUSSO-TURKISH WAR (1877-1878), AND AFTERWARDS WAS PROMOTED TO VARIOUS COMMANDS BEFORE BEING APPOINTED COMMANDER OF THE BALTIC FLEET IN 1904. ROZHESTVENSKY COMMANDED HIS FLEET ON ITS ILL-FATED VOYAGE TO THE PACIFIC FROM 1904-1905. FOLLOWING HIS THE DISASTER THAT BEFELL HIS SHIPS AT TSUSHIMA, HE WAS HELD PRISONER AND RELEASED AT THE CONCLUSION OF THE WAR. ON HIS RETURN TO RUSSIA, HE WAS COURT-MARTIALED FOR HIS DEFEAT AND FOUND GUILTY, THOUGH THE TSAR WOULD COMMUTE HIS SENTENCE OF EXECUTION TO A SHORT STINT IN PRISON. HE DIED OF A HEART ATTACK ON JANUARY 14, 1909. PHOTO: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510537839932-3VUTJPW1H6DY0M7XZNWK/image-asset.png Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa The circuitous route of the various components of the Russian fleet on its way to the Pacific Ocean, from 1904-1905. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510537937026-DGLZUALS7LSDHS1BLOHF/800px-Knyaz%27Suvorov1904Kronshtadt.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa THE BATTLESHIP KNYAV SUVOROV, ROHESTVENSKY'S FLAGSHIP. HIT COUNTLESS TIMES BY JAPANESE GUNFIRE, INCLUDING A HIT WHICH INCAPACITATED THE ADMIRAL WITH A HEAD WOUND, THE BATTLESHIP WAS ABANDONED AND SANK. PHOTO: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510537993110-249CNA7OAP5LKYW17Y0L/MIKASAPAINTING.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa Admiral Togo on the bridge of the Mikasa during the Battle of Tsushima. The original painting now hangs in the lower deck of the Mikasa. Photo source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538077198-YA2YS5TCEOQ38RXQAEW7/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa VIEW OF THE BOW OF THE MIKASA, AS IT APPEARS TODAY. THIS VIEW CLEARLY SHOWS THE SHIP'S CURRENT LOCATION ON LAND, WITH MUCH OF ITS LOWER DECKS FILLED IN WITH CONCRETE. ADDITIONALLY, THE SHIP'S SECONDARY ARMAMENT, 14 6.5-INCH GUNS, ARE EVIDENT IN THIS PICTURE. PHOTO: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538118779-ZLWKX4Y5QPKNUCJB2XZD/a32.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa A VIEW FROM THE BATTLESHIP'S SUPERSTRUCTURE, LOOKING OUT OVER YOKOSUKA HARBOR. MUCH OF THE MIKASA'S UPPER WORKS ARE NOT ORIGINAL, HAVING BEEN STRIPPED FOLLOWING WORLD WAR II AND REPLACED BY REPRODUCTIONS DURING THE POST-WAR RESTORATION. PHOTO: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538164022-JL2GKEUY8ME3W95FDA6O/a24.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa A TYPICALLY RESTORED ROOM ON BOARD THE MIKASA, IN THIS INSTANCE THE COMMUNICATIONS ROOM. A NUMBER OF ARTIFACTS ARE ON DISPLAY WITH THE AID OF PLACARDS. PHOTO: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538220524-RAGA4HHPS8NEQADX8PI9/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa The Mikasa had additional armament in the form of four 3.5-inch guns, two on each side. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538279301-2P9FLGO0UV84O5GYBSF5/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa The bow turret of the Mikasa, with its 12-inch battery. The turret and guns are reproductions put in place during the warship's postwar restoration. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538403403-LWEJRMDO7PQFYX3OU4E9/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa The interior of the Mikasa's main bridge. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538477884-GXOMVF065QO7N4DW92N3/b08.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa One of the Mikasa's secondary 6.5-inch guns. The galleries where these guns were house have been converted into exhibit space, supported by large text and photographic panels. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538572621-QPZYLCGGX0QVO6IWS5YA/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa Along one of the side corridors of the Mikasa's lower deck is this gallery, which is comprised of models representing many classes of ships and aircraft which have served in the Imperial Japanese Navy and Japanese Self-Defense Forces. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538686510-ICO6726BD19ZMZRTWFQW/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa One of the many exhibits which are located on the lower deck of the Mikasa. This lower deck has been converted in large part into a museum space. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538773039-64XXGRP3KVLAN4Y6BA4P/b43.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa The main museum area houses several very large scale models of Imperial Japanese Navy ships that served in the Russo-Japanese War. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510538858509-IC92QXSU4SGEC6T1237A/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa An officer's bathroom on the lower deck of the Mikasa. Photo: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1510539107861-H4T517EL1SP7VD17OV5H/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Battleship Mikasa The officer's wardroom on board the Mikasa. The stern cabins of the Mikasa have been the subject of a much more intense restoration effort. Photo: author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2017/4/15/battlefield-visit-stones-river monthly 0.5 2017-04-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492267820349-NY0JAYNIA6G0CN3KR4B9/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492267468573-R00JKKHZSU1LHRHUAC4Z/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River MAJOR GENERAL WILLIAM ROSECRANS. AN 1842 GRADUATE OF WEST POINT, ROSECRANS HAD TAKEN COMMAND OF THE ARMY OF THE CUMBERLAND FROM MAJOR GENERAL DON CARLOS BUELL, WHO HAD BEEN CRITICIZED FOR HIS LACK OF ACTION. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492267520266-CQICORSF2XF3B68NH81E/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River GENERAL BRAXTON BRAGG WAS THE COMMANDER OF THE CONFEDERACY'S ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. A WEST POINT GRADUATE FROM THE CLASS OF 1837, BRAGG WAS HIGHLY SUSPICIOUS OF THE MEMBERS OF HIS STAFF AND EXTREMELY DISLIKED. DESPITE ATTEMPTS BY HIS STAFF TO REMOVE HIM, HE REMAINED IN COMMAND OF THE ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492267612992-C5NL9Z4MVSB5PZ6QO3GU/image-asset.png Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River The tactical situation on December 30, 1862. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492267657857-WYXQU5JMGMT67EDNWGA5/image-asset.png Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River The Confederate attack on the morning of the 31st. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492267701301-RQX98SGWZMPGAMXORP2V/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River MAJOR GENERAL ALEXANDER MCCOOK, COMMANDER OF THE UNION'S RIGHT WING, DISREGARDED REPORTS OF CONFEDERATE ACTIVITY ALONG HIS FRONT AND DID NOT ORDER HIS MEN TO STAND TO AT DAWN. AS A RESULT, TWO OF HIS DIVISIONS WERE QUICKLY OVERRUN BY THE CONFEDERATE ATTACK. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492267750869-LAI79X5Z1TS063DBLBSO/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Confederate infantry, taking fire from the Union defensive line along the turnpike, struggle to advance across the cotton fields. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492267839841-J7OGX6N1Q40O0P49JIZR/image-asset.png Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River The tactical situation at the end of December 31st, following the Union withdrawal to the turnpike. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492267933773-6EZ91PVMMU4OZ6X0J0P0/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Confederate Major General John Breckenridge was very reluctant to mount the charge proposed by Bragg. Despite his protests, Bragg ordered him to carry out the attack. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268031331-U563F4LVQRJ858KAH1GJ/image-asset.png Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Breckenridge's division attacks the Union positions atop a hill near the river. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268098628-JJ362LBMT0NAVXA55HYM/image-asset.png Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Union forces counterattack following the destruction of Breckenridge's Division. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268154402-R4C68CZE04KHOV8FZ9D5/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Breckenridge's Division, having sustained 1800 killed or wounded in less than an hour at the hands of 58 Union guns, retreat back across the river. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268289666-4IJIQZDJQUJJEMF22F8X/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River The entrance to Stones River National Battlefield. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268337236-GS9M5ZQTSZBFMJ3NF0JH/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Cannons mark the edge of one of the fields through which Confederate troops advanced. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268398832-YDHVV2NG3ZL8A5EBUI0R/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River An area known as the Slaughter Pen- Union troops held out here among the limestone outcroppings as long as they could, until Sheridan's troops ran out of ammunition and forced the troops here to retreat along with them. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268488617-ONE36AS5BDNNKCSWD1Z9/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Trenches remain from the positions that were occupied by the Pioneer Brigade. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268572908-9LDBWVGFOCRVUW41G3T4/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River A road and pedestrian path wind through the cotton field - the scene of the last Confederate assaults on December 31st- the Union had dug in along the turnpike, the position of which would be along the ride side of this picture. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268726723-OMXTX7UL1TPFRY2RCNLP/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River It was at this position that 58 Union guns were assembled and inflicted terrible losses against Breckenridge's division during its attack on January 2nd. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268805324-JSKETJ0QIIHZMDLUNKZA/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River A monument marks the spot where Union artillery halted Breckenridge's attack. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268874823-8V8NF2YHWKK4KWOZAEL1/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River A monument to the Union dead who are buried in this cemetery stands at its center. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492268946207-IEPO1XW4VYCPTTWRHB4Z/17264713_398879550465463_4890012217361635232_n.jpg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River The oldest remaining Civil War monument stands at the former site of a battery of Union artillery, which was in part responsible for repelling the final Confederate attacks on the 31st. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1492269075670-49ZXAK7GOAHH8UPTOC1R/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Stones River Inside the remains of Fortress Rosecrans, one of the largest fortifications constructed during the war. The rises on the left are what remains of the earthen walls. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2017/2/20/tools-of-war-p-51-mustang monthly 0.5 2017-02-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644123843-OUC8YAVH8G4992PIN3VA/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644164326-2LAWHAY6DXTR8INBNX61/NA-73X-NX19998-prototype+Mustang%2C+public+source.jpg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang THE NA-73 PROTOTYPE FOLLOWING THE INSTALLATION OF ITS ENGINE. SURPRISINGLY, THIS AIRCRAFT STILL EXISTS AND IS CURRENTLY ON DISPLAY AT THE EAA MUSEUM AT OSHKOSH, WISCONSIN. SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644223268-MFHFQZQ40C5TN70SZGFU/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A P-51A, ONE OF THE FIRST DELIVERED TO THE BRITISH. RED ROUNDELS ON THE STARS INDICATE THIS PHOTOGRAPH WAS LIKELY TAKEN IN LATE 1941 OR EARLY 1942, BEFORE THE MARKING WAS DELETED FROM US INSIGNIA. THE CAMOUFLAGE PATTERN IS BRITISH, PAINTED AT THE FACTORY BY NORTH AMERICAN. SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644263815-6STM3L6W5P0DKYLYSEIM/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang THIS P-51A IS ONE OF THE PRODUCTION VERSIONS ORDERED TO BRITISH STANDARD, EVIDENT BY THE FOUR HISPANO 20MM CANNONS WHICH ARM THIS AIRCRAFT, RATHER THAN THE NORMAL SIX .50 CALIBER MACHINE GUNS. SOME OF THESE AIRCRAFT WERE RETAINED BY THE USAAF. SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644311906-GWHUD0IKCXVKHV5J2PE0/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A MERLIN-ENGINED P-51B MUSTANG IN FLIGHT. THIS AIRCRAFT USES THE EARLIER FRAMED CANOPY, WHICH WAS REPLACED BY THE MACOLM HOOD, A ROUNDED PLEXIGLAS CANOPY THAT OMITTED METAL FRAMES AND ALLOWED FOR INCREASED VISIBILITY. SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644397807-O9SYM8ZJ01YCZU3UL925/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang CAPTAIN DON GENTILE POSES WITH HIS P-51B MUSTANG IN THE SPRING OF 1944. AFTER SERVING WITH ONE OF THE RAF'S EAGLE SQUADRONS (COMPOSED OF AMERICAN VOLUNTEERS) AND SHOOTING DOWN TWO AIRCRAFT, GENTILE TRANSFERRED TO THE USAAF, EVENTUALLY FLYING WITH THE 4TH FIGHTER GROUP. DURING EARLY 1944, WHILE FLYING THE MUSTANG, HE SHOT DOWN 15.5 ENEMY PLANES, MAKING HIM THE HIGHEST-SCORING ACE IN 8TH AIR FORCE AT THE TIME. SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644437857-L5OC70GXHC8F5RPK4IJQ/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A P-51D OF THE 374TH FIGHTER SQUADRON. BENEATH THE WINGS ARE 75 GALLON DROP TANKS, WHICH FURTHER EXTENDED THE RANGE OF THE MUSTANG. STANDARD PRACTICE FOR MUSTANG PILOTS WAS TO DROP THE TANKS ON SIGHTING ENEMY AIRCRAFT AND SWITCH TO THEIR MAIN TANKS. SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644482873-9BNMPK4OIBM4DT1OYYLR/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang Chuck Yeager's second P-51D, Glamorous Glen III, in which he shot down most of his 12.5 kills. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644566605-H08LE5H7TG6TE0SPOCT9/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A P-51D of the 357th Fighter Group. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644629029-J32K3HIL1KD83IWF4TZ9/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang P-51D production line. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644676500-WWU43I3121VJY08MDTRT/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang Among the operators of the P-51 was the 322nd Fighter Group, popularly known as the Red Tails or Tuskegee Airmen. Source: Wikipedia. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644763669-R2PIQ6IVFOOGM45DDSVL/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang WHEN THE KOREAN WAR BROKE OUT IN 1950, THE MUSTANG WAS THE MOST READILY AVAILABLE AIRCRAFT THAT COULD BE SENT TO REINFORCE THE US 5TH AIR FORCE AND ROKAF. THESE P-51DS, PAINTED IN ROKAF MARKINGS, WERE LIKELY HANDED OVER BY USAF UNITS AFTER THEY CONVERTED TO JETS. THE MUSTANG WAS THE PRIMARY CLOSE AIR SUPPORT WEAPON DURING THE FIRST YEAR OF THE WAR. SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1487644821759-2UA1NRDI3957XPKJ1KL9/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: P-51 Mustang A USAF F-51D (DURING THE INTERWAR PERIOD, A REDESIGNATION OF FIGHTER AIRCRAFT FROM "PURSUIT" TO "FIGHTER" OCCURRED) TAXIES THROUGH A PUDDLE IN KOREA. THIS AIRCRAFT IS ARMED WITH 2 500 LBS BOMBS, 4 2.75 INCH ROCKETS, AND SIX .50 CALIBER MACHINE GUNS. SOURCE: WIKIPEDIA. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2017/1/26/battlefield-visit-fort-donelson monthly 0.5 2017-01-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485455991428-N2SS5QLRNFR6G5WINTE8/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485456048240-R01S71SZ0B3SY0WGB1ZQ/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson ULYSSES S. GRANT, PICTURED HERE AS A LIEUTENANT GENERAL, WAS JUST A BRIGADIER GENERAL AT THE TIME OF HIS CAMPAIGN AGAINST FORTS HENRY AND DONELSON, AND WAS IN OVERALL COMMAND OF THE UNION FORCE IN TENNESSEE. SOURCE: PUBLIC DOMAIN. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485456097982-L37ILN6DZ8TUD7S8SR7Y/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson REAR ADMIRAL ANDREW FOOTE WAS ONE OF THE FIRST US NAVAL OFFICER TO BE PROMOTED TO THE RANK OF ADMIRAL. AFTER COMMANDING THE WESTERN GUNBOAT FLOTILLA THROUGH MUCH OF 1862, BEFORE MOVING ON TO OTHER COMMANDS. HE DIED UNEXPECTEDLY IN THE SUMMER OF 1863 WHILE MOVING TO HIS NEW COMMAND WITH THE SOUTH ATLANTIC BLOCKADING SQUADRON. SOURCE: PUBLIC DOMAIN. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485456157351-DK1D459NVJMYP6B8WSED/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson BRIGADIER GENERAL JOHN B. FLOYD WAS THE US SECRETARY OF WAR BEFORE THE CIVIL WAR BEGAN. DESPITE HAVING NO PRIOR MILITARY EXPERIENCE, HE WAS COMMISSIONED A BRIGADIER GENERAL IN THE CONFEDERATE ARMY AND EVENTUALLY BECAME THE OVERALL SOUTHERN COMMANDER AT FORT DONELSON. RELIEVED OF HIS COMMAND FOLLOWING THE BATTLE, HE REMAINED AN OFFICER IN VIRGINIA'S MILITIA UNTIL HIS DEATH IN 1863. SOURCE: PUBLIC DOMAIN. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485456221920-A5VRJGC07TLYJ9OWNUYL/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson BRIGADIER GENERAL SIMON B. BRUCKNER WAS THE MOST EXPERIENCED SOUTHERN COMMANDER AT FORT DONELSON, HAVING SERVED A NUMBER OF YEARS IN THE REGULAR ARMY PRIOR TO THE CIVIL WAR. HE WOULD BECOME THE FIRST CONFEDERATE GENERAL OFFICER TO SURRENDER TO THE UNION ARMY DURING THE WAR. HE WAS LATER RETURNED TO THE SOUTH THROUGH A PRISONER EXCHANGE AND HELD A NUMBER OF OTHER COMMANDS DURING THE REMAINDER OF THE WAR. AFTER THE WAR, HE ENTERED POLITICS, EVENTUALLY BECOMING THE GOVERNOR OF KENTUCKY, HE DIED IN 1914. SOURCE: PUBLIC DOMAIN. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485456293656-DT0XX4FWPGPB3MIAWADQ/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST, A COLONEL AT THE TIME OF THE BATTLE, WAS RELATIVELY UNKNOWN IN EARLY 1862. HOWEVER, HE WOULD EVENTUALLY GAIN FAME FOR HIS RAIDS INTO UNION TERRITORY AND BE PROMOTED TO LIEUTENANT GENERAL. SOURCE: PUBLIC DOMAIN. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485456450142-V52X978RED76KYUCVC16/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson FOOTE'S GUNBOATS EXCHANGING "IRON VALENTINES" WITH THE CONFEDERATE BATTERIES DURING THE AFTERNOON OF FEBRUARY 14TH. SOURCE: WWW.NPS.GOV https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485466624886-G8FTRCDHX6RW9W7MD0ZX/image-asset.png Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson UNION SOLDIERS APPROACH THE CONFEDERATE EARTHWORKS OF FORT DONELSON IN THIS 19TH CENTURY ILLUSTRATION. SOURCE: PUBLIC DOMAIN. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485466687222-OEJIFYAPNBPRR6OR1TDI/image-asset.png Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson THE SITUATION AT FORT DONELSON ON THE AFTERNOON OF FEBRUARY 15. SOURCE: PUBLIC DOMAIN. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485469219747-RH8Q0056PX637GIUBOLL/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS ATTEMPT TO BREAK OUT OF THEIR ENCIRCLEMENT ON FEBRUARY 15TH. INITIALLY SUCCESSFUL, THE ATTACK WAS CALLED TO A HALT IN MID-AFTERNOON, THEN WAS COUNTERED BY UNION FORCES LATER IN THE DAY. SOURCE: WWW.NPS.GOV https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485485544484-COBODXH9RLPYFII4ZZYH/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson THE LOWER BATTERY AS SEEN TODAY. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485485595309-CKYBP4MLOPAHLWHPTGJW/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson A SIDE-ANGLE SHOT OF THE LOWER BATTERY, DEMONSTRATING THE ELEVATION OF THE GUNS ABOVE THE CUMBERLAND RIVER. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485485638681-2YH3VTGNTFDU1E2B1T0Q/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson THE ROW OF GUNS CONSISTING OF THE LOWER BATTERY, EACH WITH ITS OWN REVETMENT. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485485684316-K9T8ZASSVQ5IMMX164Z3/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson THE AMMUNITION BUNKER FOR THE LOWER BATTERY, SITUATED TO THE REAR OF THAT POSITION, STILL EXISTS BUT IS NOT AVAILABLE FOR PUBLIC ACCESS. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485485784535-5DO5H4OCXI16XZ0AVIUD/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson THE UPPER BATTERY. SOURCE: AUTHOR https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485485815371-KLM5FSNNS4F83L3SYC9F/Donelson+artillery.jpg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson A NUMBER OF ARTILLERY PIECES ARE POSITIONED AROUND THE FORT, INDICATING THE FORMER POSITIONS OF THE OUTER EARTHWORKS. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485485857374-MVKGR41M7D0YMMC0IM0D/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson ONE OF THE ONLY STRUCTURES INSIDE THE FORT TODAY IS A REPLICA OF THE KIND OF CABINS THAT CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS WOULD HAVE LIVED IN DURING THE WINTER OF 1861-1862. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485485892230-VEK8NBGGEZI4EGVNH2XR/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson OUTSIDE OF THE ACTUAL LOCATION OF THE FORTRESS, THE FORMER TRENCH POSITIONS REMAIN PRESERVED, ALBEIT SOMEWHAT ERODED. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485485929016-CD81A7NY10D7RC50WGG6/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson THIS FENCE AND SLIGHT HILL WERE THE FORMER POSITIONS OF BRIG. GEN. SIMON BRUCKNER'S DEFENSIVE POSITIONS. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485485964362-GA2BDGS80YHS1CO68TYE/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson THE CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS MEMORIAL, ERECTED IN 1933 BY THE DAUGHTERS OF THE CONFEDERACY. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485486011126-F02I6V7OJU0T2JQ6UKZV/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson THE FORT DONELSON NATIONAL CEMETERY, WHERE OVER 600 UNION DEAD ARE BURIED. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485486042386-3Y0B25CEU4X0XE6CC8E9/Cemetery+House.jpg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson THE CEMETERY KEEPER'S HOUSE, SITUATED IN THE MIDDLE OF THE CEMETERY. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1485486082353-0PCDUZU118YZ28W1WUJ5/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Fort Donelson THE DOVER HOTEL, SITE OF THE SIGNING OF THE SURRENDER FOR FORT DONELSON. SOURCE: AUTHOR. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2016/11/23/film-review-hacksaw-ridge monthly 0.5 2016-11-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920129657-P6ZWOF95KY1Y8DHYTND0/image-asset.png Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920220744-Q0BAM6WULEAWYM7ADHE1/image-asset.png Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge The landing zones for the Tenth Army and marine forces during the invasion of Okinawa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920285666-0MQUVY6RIWC8XJDEMQZM/image-asset.png Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge The American movement during the Battle of Okinawa April 1-June 23. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920339424-CRH688GDJD0C0G3PNULD/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge Two Marines carefully watch an Okinawan civilian surrendering. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920420952-NZN42B2ZZV87J3YBMDPF/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge An F4U Corsair drops napalm on a Japanese position while operating in close air support of Marine forces on the ground https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920519590-AM95GOUUY653XX0HETXT/image-asset.gif Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge A Stinson L-5 light observation plane flies over the ruins Naha, the largest city on Okinawa. Aircraft such as these operated as airborne artillery spotters. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920651282-84R5K0G9XB4XJFVOA9IR/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge The Yamato's magazines explode due to internal fires- she sank with the majority of her crew. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920714562-LF1U8BFIMUNXZX864IZ5/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge Desmond Doss following the end of the war. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920764075-DTJQ36LSV959VCXX0KKL/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge Doss stands at the top of Maeda Escarpment after placing cargo nets on the side of the cliff- Doss was one of the volunteers who carried the net to the top. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920845668-KH8Z7S267CO81MYZW2MG/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge Members of the 77th Infantry Division during a rainstorm on Okinawa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920896070-A9II3YL0NNCPGZVZM31P/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge President Harry Truman awards Doss the Medal of Honor on October 12, 1945. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1479920973619-5X8OY2DB49ECRKNODWIV/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Hacksaw Ridge James Garfield stars as Desmond Doss. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2016/10/29/tools-of-war-f-4-phantom monthly 0.5 2016-10-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477797616069-PDJOZ8WJB1QGX8NYVO59/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477797662467-K6SUZ160RRYGE3U5T6I8/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom An F4H-1 Phantom during carrier trials. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477797702108-5O2BBLIYE0C0LH4IHUW3/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom A USAF F-4 Phantom is hit by an SA-2 SAM over Vietnam. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477797767548-YSRPTIGE410I9NFN1JMT/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom An F-4 Phatom loaded with fuel tanks and four Sparrow missiles patrols the skies above Vietnam. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477797903002-96UIA33DFEUEETJE251D/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom Two F-4G Wild Weasels fly in formation during the 1980s. Phantoms like these eliminated Iraqi radar systems early in the Gulf War conflict, allowing other aircraft to carry out follow on strike missions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477798053491-FWMRXQT4F4P1MKGXW1I4/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom A QF-4 Phantom in the early 1980s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477798170452-S3N85C8IPIJP1G96S0Y2/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom A QF-4 Phantom is expended via an air-to-air missile during a test. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477798231512-ICRPKFUSE20IROZ78UOI/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom Two Israeli F-4 Phantoms fly in formation. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1477798280612-Y9KDGBYHYKTZ13PZYSK8/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: F-4 Phantom A IRIAF Phantom prepares to land. Though many purges occurred following the revolution in Iran, Iran has successfully maintained its fleet of Phantoms for several decades. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2016/10/4/film-review-anthropoid monthly 0.5 2016-10-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475630110286-6RHS8LOUY0K6S32VK6TW/image-asset.png Archive - Film Review: Anthropoid https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475630145662-0M3G7DAYC52KB8L8GHJT/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Anthropoid REINHARD HEYDRICH WAS ONE OF THE HIGHEST-RANKING OFFICIALS IN THE NAZI HIERARCHY. RESPONSIBLE IN PART FOR THE CREATION THE FINAL SOLUTION (THE EXTERMINATION OF JEWS IN CONCENTRATION CAMPS), HEYDRICH ARRIVED IN PRAGUE IN SEPTEMBER 1941 AS DEPUTY REICH PROTECTOR OF THE PROTECTORATE OF BOHEMIA AND MORAVIA. ONE OF THE MOST FEARED AND HATED OF THE NAZIS, HE WOULD BE THE HIGHEST-RANKING MEMBER OF THE REGIME TO BE KILLED. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475630180704-521N7TRL5RU6Z9U0BRGY/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Anthropoid THE REMNANTS OF HEYDRICH'S CAR FOLLOWING THE ASSASSINATION. THE DAMAGE CAUSED BY THE GRENADE BLAST IS EVIDENT- PIECES OF THE CAR AS WELL AS GRENADE SHRAPNEL WERE PROPELLED INTO THE INTERIOR AND INTO HEYDRICH. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475630226526-OX6478CCS2NML5QDL6QP/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Anthropoid CILLIAN MURPHY, ON THE LEFT, AND JAMIE DORNAN, ON THE RIGHT, PLAYED CZECH SOLDIERS JOSEF GABCIK AND JAN KUBIS RESPECTIVELY. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475630254860-P9QK4DVUMK6IVUHWC8IS/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Anthropoid JOSEF GABCIK, PICTURED PRIOR TO JUMPING INTO OCCUPIED CZECHOSLOVAKIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475630286296-JNJYAN34G6JXULSLDHGA/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Anthropoid JAN KUBIS, ALSO PICTURED BEFORE JUMPING INTO OCCUPIED CZECHOSLOVAKIA. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475630326551-D4LIX60XNZ3KXP4EM289/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Anthropoid THE GERMANS USED EQUIPMENT FROM THE PRAGUE FIRE DEPARTMENT TO PUMP TEAR GAS INTO THE CHURCH'S CRYPT IN AN ATTEMPT TO FORCE THE LAST GROUP OF CZECHS OUT. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475630351835-69T2SWZVKJRVU2RM00BY/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Anthropoid THE GERMANS USED EQUIPMENT FROM THE PRAGUE FIRE DEPARTMENT TO PUMP TEAR GAS INTO THE CHURCH'S CRYPT IN AN ATTEMPT TO FORCE THE LAST GROUP OF CZECHS OUT. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1475630384054-38FI0WNKEGC0PD2V9S7Y/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Film Review: Anthropoid THE EXTERIOR OF THE CHURCH AS IT APPEARS TODAY. STILL POCKMARKED WITH BULLET HOLES, A MEMORIAL IS IN PLACE ON THE EXTERIOR OF THE CHURCH AS A REMINDER OF THE LAST STAND OF THE ASSASSINS. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2016/6/22/tools-of-war-the-il-2-shturmovik monthly 0.5 2016-06-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466601955728-NKDWWHJVHKHB9X66AXKP/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602058246-WGETTQF2E0K9BV9PQL3R/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik The Sukhoi Su-6, competitor to the Il-2. The initial version had superior performance to the Ilyushin design, but problems with development and production of the M-71 engine meant that the Il-2 went into production instead of the Su-6. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602135483-2FO2IKYXP1DSKOI1S5O1/image-asset.png Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik The original Il-2 was a single-seat design that had omitted the rear-gunner position in order to save weight- ultimately this would cost the lives of many pilots. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602172500-LLY5ZR007BAUUVN879UY/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A single-seater Il-2, painted in whitewash to blend into the snow-covered landscape. This aircraft has been equipped with skis to make it more suitable to the crude runways that would have been coated in ice and snow. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602219076-Q8CJGGVMT5L51B03Q3F7/image-asset.png Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik The redesigned Shturmovik, designated as the Il-2M3. The most notable improvement was the addition of a rear gunner https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602260059-W7JARHEEU980KK7K69J3/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik The rear gunner's position- the 12.7mm gun offered an increased chance of survival for the Il-2, though many gunners were killed in their relatively exposed position. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602378718-U9KOACGR9E4W6EY1FQVE/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A group of Il-2 pilots discuss the results of a mission after landing. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602432423-45EC8ZBROT3AWUMCBIG2/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A group of Il-2M3s lined up at an airfield. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602481528-DBOQKD6RB6TZ1P3B52UA/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A group of Il-2M3 pilots prepare for a mission. The shrouds over the engine are intended to keep the engines warm during the extreme temperatures of the Russian winter. Without the shrouds, the engines would seize and refuse to start. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602524409-28B5H5N771MLVGUPRO8F/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A group of Il-2M3s fly low above a devastated city. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602562574-I3Y4M7LQXAK1I2K4EJS9/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A group of Il-2s make a diving attack with their 23mm cannon. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602608310-YE913F1OFZFS7U6LKMPQ/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A pilot poses with his damaged Il-2 following a mission. In this instance, flak has damaged the elevator. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602650130-UIAD1ZFTD7NBD837D0JR/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik This Il-2M3 has made a wheels-up landing following severe flak damage to the vertical stabilizer. Note the crude whitewash pattern applied over the aircraft's camoflauge. Whitewash was generally applied in the field with whatever materials were on hand- it frequently wore off after a few weeks. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602707039-WXG00KCR7H04573E43MG/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik An in-flight picture taken during a Shturmovik attack on German vehicles- the arrow indicates an attacking Il-2 ahead of the camera aircraft. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602745834-AWDXJMH0R67V41Z8WIGV/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik Another in-flight picture taken during a Shturmovik attack, this time the target of the attack appears to be a German motor pool or headquarters. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1466602787241-ENNZI72UR1T5AU03UHQB/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Il-2 Shturmovik A North Korean Air Force Il-10 sits in the ruins of a destroyed hangar at Kimpo airfield. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2016/4/8/battlefield-visit-osan monthly 0.5 2016-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460128010680-7W423M8HHMS6HBOZH112/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Osan Elements of TF Smith arrive in Taejon on July 2nd. Source: www.nj.gov https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460128080351-5RIAHY2ENJVS3VWO9SAL/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Osan TF Smith's positions and the North Korean advance. Source: www.koreanwar.net https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460128151792-DJAX5KZOR8CBXO0OA0I9/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Osan A Bazooka team in action against North Korean armor. The 2.36" bazooka, ineffective during World War II against German armor, was found to be equally useless against the Soviet-built T-34/85, with its sloped armor. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460128320957-1JB3011H4Q854KFI5FVA/Korea1950.jpg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Osan A pair of T-34/85s knocked out after the Battle of Osan. Arguably the greatest tank design of World War II, the T-34/85 was simple, had sloping armor providing adequate protection, and a 85mm main gun effective against other tanks. Source: Life Magazine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460128480917-50B9UCSS8XWZYJG8HWN3/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Osan TF Smith's position as it appeared at the time of the Korean War. www.koreanwar.net https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460128532459-KZ7I9WZQODWNW8F8880E/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Osan The Osan-Suwon road, which runs through the middle of the position that TF Smith occupied on July 5, 1950, as it appears today. The terrain has drastically changed from vast farmlands to a built-up urban area. Source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460128634214-NGT0HIZC74XN9J1U966J/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Osan The original monument to TF Smith built in 1959 by the 24th Infantry Division. This monument is situated on the crest of the western-most hill, where one rifle platoon was emplaced during the battle. Source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460128738082-ODTVZZOK49F8AWHYIMTT/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Osan The current monument to the Battle of Osan, unveiled in 1982 by the South Korean government. The monument is on the opposite side of the road of the original monument, at the base of the hill where most of TF Smith was dug in. Source: author. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1460128885680-SP0APTEIUONDWN7PNC0S/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Battlefield Visit: Osan The Battle of Osan Memorial Hall, a $33M project which opened in 2013 and is located adjacent to the newer monument. Source: author. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2016/2/23/tools-of-war-the-fubuki-class-destroyer monthly 0.5 2016-02-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456143908161-Y7OE26A8IQVCTO6KGOFA/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer Fubuki, the lead ship of her class. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456143981382-TCZ8QZ6O925B40L1CWV2/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer A US Navy Office of Naval Intelligence profile of the Fubuki-class. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456143759801-JA65A240373377L5KJYY/image-asset.png Archive - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer Sources: 1) 1. Fubuki-class Destroyer." Combinedfleet.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 21 Feb. 2016., 2) Arthur, Andrew, and Bruce T. Swain. ""A" Class Destroyers." Royal Navy Ships of World War 2. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 Feb. 2016, 3) 1. Budge, Kent G. "Clemson Class, U.S. Destroyers." The Pacific War Online Encyclopedia:. N.p., 2007. Web. 22 Feb. 2016. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456144213385-9OYIG2N6EG76VI7FAYU0/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer USS Clemson (DD-161), the lead ship of her class. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456144089575-H5K81HO7YML1XRAEBGTU/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer HMS Achastes, an A-class destroyer. Source: Imperial War Museum https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456144894472-BL28PJU27XUXJEF74RFJ/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer The Yugiri, demonstrating the heavy armament and speed of the Fubuki-class. Source: Kure Maritime Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456144268913-MG6OPXOTCJ5C48XN1QFT/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer The Amagiri, the destroyer responsible for sinking future-President John f. Kennedy's PT Boat on August 2, 1943. Amagiri was herself sunk the following year when she struck a mine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1456144390438-EBBVVMXFKDXH8ZP8JLRL/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Fubuki-class Destroyer The Shikinami, a Fubuki-class destroyer which saw extensive action early in the Pacific War only to be sunk by a submarine, the USS Growler, in 1944. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2016/2/14/greenlands-war monthly 0.5 2016-02-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455504735443-SVE5029BLMEBC3NX1MFO/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War One of the Greenland's USAAF bases not long after construction. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455504817325-IHIYP3WZ8RAJCMT1DLP3/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War Members of the Sled Patrol examine captured parachute equipment at the site of an abandoned German station. Source: US Coast Guard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455506324470-5Z6RP3OYZC2XUZN01CEA/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War A US shore party prepares to search a section of coastline for German weather stations. Source: The National World War II Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455504962385-GPT75U5SAY75EQK0YP64/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War The USCGC Northland (WPG-49), an Arctic cutter originally designed as a cruising cutter, meaning that she was equipped with sails. Originally commissioned on May 7, 1927, she served in a variety of roles until she was decommissioned for the first time in 1938. Recommissioned the following year, she saw extensive service in the Arctic circle during World War II. During this time, she was armed with 2 x 3 in/50 guns, 4 x 20mm anti-aircraft guns, 2 x depth charge racks, and 2 x Y-guns. She was also equipped with a scout plane, a Grumman J2F-5. Her complement was 108 enlisted men and 18 officers. She was decommissioned from the Coast Guard in early 1946 and transferred to the Israeli Navy, where she served until 1946. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455505488279-4ILIY3ZJVACCHX3ARJO6/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War Another view of the USCGC Northland. Source: The National WWII Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455506410612-7O68WS62FW5SX6LQYR00/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War Coast Guard Grumman J2F scout planes search for German activity off the east coast of Greenland. Source: The National World War II Museum. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455505613358-SJ5B43K18KS9I1YNU5YX/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War The Northland's replacement was the USCGC Eastwind (WAGB-279), a Wind-class icebreaker. Commissioned on July 15, 1944, she was much more formidable than Northland. She was armed with 4 x 5in guns in twin mounts, 3 x quad-mounted 40mm Bofors AA guns, 6 x 20mm Oerlikon AA autocannons, and 6 x K-guns and a Hedgehog projector for anti-submarine operations. She also carried her own scout plane. She remained in service after the war and was finally decommissioned in 1968 and scrapped in the 1970s. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455506233676-DJEAM66O2O5WD87ULFP7/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War Another view of the USCGC Eastwind in her World War II configuration. Source: US Coast Guard. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455506499155-S2ZZF3M4JXSNDX6HPUFH/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War Members of the last German weather station surrender to US troops on October 4, 1944. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455506552955-WAHH7TOLXF1T39PR2UQP/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War The trawler Externsteine, trapped in ice. After her capture, she was made a prize ship and rechristened USCGC Eastbreeze. She was turned over to the US Navy and renamed USS Callao (IX-205) in January 1945. She was decommissioned in 1950 and scrapped. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455506806684-JJ0L3JX59P4CPRC6HAI0/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War Members of the Coast Guard raise the US flag on the Externsteine on October 16, 1944. Source: US Coast Guard https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1455506863824-T55TFJ5VI4PQYONMHIT2/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Greenland's War German prisoners being transported to a POW camp in the US. Source: US Coast Guard. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2016/1/18/tools-of-war-the-sr-71-blackbird monthly 0.5 2016-01-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045797688-MFURSGFOIMOPGK5U1BTZ/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird An A-12 takes off during flight testing from Groom Lake, also known as Area 51 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045856563-KJJG6K5U4HIQOIGQHJF5/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird An A-12 in flight. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045933586-F1CWW0IBAEYTKVUA2Y57/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird Two A-12s were modified to become M-12s, motherships that launched the M-21, an early intelligence-gathering drone. After numerous flights, there was a collision between a drone and mothership, which resulted in the death of a crew member, The program was cancelled in 1966. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453045896137-1DN7WLC7NONZIYLC3C0X/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird An F-12, a variant of the A-12. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453046104475-QZLVNAZCYZX0DEX2QYEQ/SR71_factoryfloor_SkunkWorks.jpg Archive - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird The SR-71 Blackbird production line at Lockheed's Skunk Works factory. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453046169669-ZJMEEK6ZY77UGXCBI5JC/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird A production SR-71A https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453046228055-6J0BA3H3VL3TP9DQHZ5I/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird While the official name of the SR-71 was the Blackbird, many pilots and crew members referred to the aircraft as the Habu, a venomous snake in Japan. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1453046326797-OUL29KQ9405EMAE5OE86/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The SR-71 Blackbird In order to survive the harsh high-altitude environment, pilots were forced to wear a pressure suit and begin mission preparations hours before taking flight. Additionally, the cockpit could be pressurized and air-conditioned to compensate for the 500+ degrees of temperature caused by the friction of the air passing over the skin of the aircraft. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/12/20/review-the-man-in-the-high-castle monthly 0.5 2015-12-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1450608549048-4ELX9NVBJU62TSIRFM96/image-asset.png Archive - Review: The Man in the High Castle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1450608592193-IRT8R2IZEAH1OOXNNMD4/image-asset.png Archive - Review: The Man in the High Castle The United States as it appears in The Man in the High Castle https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1450608688913-QGPBAW7QP5B5ZI05PMNF/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Review: The Man in the High Castle The Man in the High Castle novel, released in 1962 by Phillip K. Dick https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1450608643166-IHHUM8MHZTNM7C3Y08V8/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Review: The Man in the High Castle Times Square under Nazi occupation. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/10/23/sailors-of-the-uss-indiana monthly 0.5 2015-10-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1445599708957-VBU9ZCN9N1UQO922PKJJ/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Sailors of the USS Indiana Ozen Carrier https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1445599796658-ED35R07P74D7BM82ADBO/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Sailors of the USS Indiana Paul Manegold https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1445599884089-2D3IZF6NGST1VW2TTA2X/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Sailors of the USS Indiana Charles Morgan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1445599930925-EZDKJ3YP03GUURK6EVWH/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Sailors of the USS Indiana Samuel Armao https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/10/11/xokbvpn17tukptur5p9n239ctnvbcu monthly 0.5 2015-10-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1444568419911-2NPK7E2Q5RI007CVZ4ZN/USS_Indiana_%28BB-58%29_In_a_South_Pacific_harbor.jpg Archive - Tools of War: Battleship USS Indiana The USS Indiana in November 1942, not long after she reached the Pacific. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1444568533119-E9F0V4XIBJGI7MTRBZ4N/USS_Indiana_%28BB-58%29.jpg Archive - Tools of War: Battleship USS Indiana The Indiana in the spring of 1944 after repairs from her collision with the USS Washington. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1444568605212-EO2J68RDEW8M7UXY27UP/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: Battleship USS Indiana Indiana bombards Kamaishi, Japan, 400km to the north of Tokyo on July 14, 1945. This was the first naval bombardment of the Japanese Home Islands during the war. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/9/7/the-israeli-air-force-operation-moked monthly 0.5 2015-09-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1441618905651-P494QV3UPLUQHYCO7WTS/image-asset.jpeg Archive - The Israeli Air Force & Operation Moked THE DASSAULT MIRAGE IIICJ (WHICH WAS THE ISRAELI-EXPORT VERSION) WAS A FRENCH-BUILT DELTA-WING FIGHTER CAPABLE OF TRAVELING AT SPEEDS EXCEEDING MACH 2. THE AIRCRAFT WAS USED BY THE IAF FOR BOTH GROUND ATTACK AND AERIAL DOGFIGHTING, A TASK AT WHICH IT EXCELLED. SO SUCCESSFUL WAS THE DESIGN THAT IT EVENTUALLY WAS DEVELOPED INTO THREE OTHER AIRCRAFT BY DASSAULT. PHOTO CREDIT: HTTP://WWW.OOCITIES.ORG/CAPECANAVERAL/HANGAR/2848/MIRAGE.HTM https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1441618667687-6MRVWQCFPDIINE517AY1/image-asset.jpeg Archive - The Israeli Air Force & Operation Moked Taken by a low-flying IAF Mirage (whose shadow is visible at the bottom of the picture), three MiG-21s lie destroyed at Inchas airfield. Photo credit: http://www.oocities.org/capecanaveral/hangar/2848/opera6_2.htm https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/1/23/tools-of-war-the-northrop-p-61-black-widow monthly 0.5 2015-01-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421989421106-0W64FDXGYDKJ2WGDW19P/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Northrop P-61 Black Widow https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421989455375-BEP7VR3MQLHIFSRYR53O/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Northrop P-61 Black Widow A P-61 based in England in 1944. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421989505730-BVW5KR2CNFULI91Y87WZ/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Northrop P-61 Black Widow A P-61 based in the Pacific Theater. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421989552144-Z54IKB69P28ZNY3W7YGO/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Tools of War: The Northrop P-61 Black Widow The Mid-Atlantic Air Museum's P-61B, which is currently being restored to flying status. Photo credit Mid-Atlantic Air Museum. Photo credit Mid-Atlantic Air Museum. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/1/20/usaaf-tactical-airpower-over-normandy-part-ii monthly 0.5 2015-01-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421813088418-9JVWRCYB7EQ65R21M5A3/image-asset.jpeg Archive - USAAF Tactical Airpower Over Normandy Part II General Otto Weyland, commander of the XIX Tactical Air Command during World War II, would later go on to command the Far East Air Forces in the Korean War and Tactical Air Command in post-war years. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421813331691-96NXGHVIL5BTS782MYEY/image-asset.jpeg Archive - USAAF Tactical Airpower Over Normandy Part II One of the many roads in the region around Falaise, littered with destroyed and abandoned armor and motor transport. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/1/16/usaaf-tactical-airpower-over-normandy-part-i monthly 0.5 2015-01-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421468905272-LDFQH1BOSUSJ54A2MO10/image-asset.jpeg Archive - USAAF Tactical Airpower Over Normandy Part I THE REPUBLIC P-47, THE WORKHORSE OF AMERICAN AIRCRAFT IN THE TACTICAL SUPPORT ROLE. THE SINGLE HEAVIEST AIRCRAFT OF THE WAR (AT 10,000 LBS EMPTY), THE P-47 PROVED ITSELF TO BE EXTREMELY CAPABLE OF GROUND SUPPORT. IT WAS ARMED WITH EIGHT .50 CALIBER MACHINE GUNS AND COULD CARRY 10 5 INCH ROCKETS AND UP TO 2,500 LBS. OF BOMBS, ALMOST HALF THE LOAD OF A B-17 HEAVY BOMBER. WHAT WAS MORE, IT WAS CAPABLE OF ABSORBING INCREDIBLE AMOUNTS OF PUNISHMENT, WHICH MEANT THAT IT COULD MAKE REPEATED ATTACKS ON WELL-PROTECTED TARGETS EVEN IN THE FACE OF HEAVY FLAK. PICTURED HERE ARE P-47CS FLYING IN FORMATION IN 1942. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1421468792836-ALIFSSXS7AE02IRQKR88/image-asset.jpeg Archive - USAAF Tactical Airpower Over Normandy Part I Lt. Gen. Elwood 'Pete' Quesada, commander of the IX Tactical Air Command during the war. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/1/6/the-war-of-1812-the-us-navy-part-ii monthly 0.5 2015-01-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420561498638-4PAOVQ46OFQXG0261E3F/image-asset.jpeg Archive - The U.S. Navy & the War of 1812 Part II The United States' victory at the Battle of Plattsburgh put an end to British-Canadian invasions of the northern U.S. and gave the country a stronger negotiating position at the Treaty of Ghent, which was signed on December 24, 1814, ending the war. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/1/4/the-us-navy-the-war-of-1812-part-i monthly 0.5 2015-01-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420402999140-XIYX1BDYPBT3E8I8FPHS/image-asset.jpeg Archive - The U.S. Navy & the War of 1812 Part I USS Constitution engaging and defeating the frigate HMS Guerriere on August 19, 1812. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420403114516-QMK0WMS4IZRWT5VIR8W3/image-asset.jpeg Archive - The U.S. Navy & the War of 1812 Part I HMS Shannon escorts the captured USS Chesapeake into Halifax in June 1813. https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/1/4/xfnphz8y6q4sjc9cj0lmvsvjj10799 monthly 0.5 2015-01-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420401265339-J2V6MP5GLHZLQPY19O6D/image-asset.jpeg Archive https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420401186046-3P3IS4Q587KOYOA3FZEP/image-asset.png Archive https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/1/4/submarines-in-the-pacific-war-part-ii monthly 0.5 2015-01-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420400887608-TBC3H5V2OY4RMSXRGNOW/image-asset.jpeg Archive - Submarines in the Pacific War Part II https://military-historian.squarespace.com/archive-1/2015/1/4/submarines-in-the-pacific-war-part-i monthly 0.5 2015-01-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5464434fe4b06a8d786720bb/1420400684642-F2RPXGD6GY2SNW6MBHUI/image-asset.jpeg Archive - 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